在有關經濟成長的理論蓬勃發展以來，人口成長與經濟成長之間的關係始終沒有定論，綜觀其不一致的理由為人口成長並不能視為一外生變數，故本文採取Lewbel(2007)所提出的新聯立方程組的計量模型，同時將人口成長與經濟成長視為內生變數，重新探討人口成長與經濟成長之關係。

本文的實證結果可以發現人口成長與經濟成長之間的關係為負向關係，而在考量不同所得水平的國家之下，高所得與中所得國家人口成長與經濟成長仍為負向關係，但是低所得國家則為正向關係。

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