鐵基非晶態軟磁合金大量被應用於配電變壓器鐵芯，其優異軟磁特性及低能耗，大量減少能源損失並達到環保目的。本研究在於開發新式鐵基塊狀非晶合金，並研究熱性質、磁性質及機械性質。鐵基簡單三元塊狀非晶合金於此研究中首先成功開發，成分為FeaMbBc，M元素的選擇原則為 (1) M為原子尺寸為鐵之130%以上的元素 (2) M與Fe在富Fe側有共晶點。符合其選擇原則之原子為鈧（Sc）、釔（Y）、鏑（Dy）、鈥（Ho）以及鉺（Er），此鐵基簡單三元合金系具強非晶形成能力可鑄造出直徑1~2 mm以上的非晶棒材，其塊狀非晶形成成分範圍為3 < b < 10、18< c < 27。結晶溫度高於860 K，飽和磁化量1.2~1.5 T，矯頑磁力低於40 A/m，片電阻率高於200 □□-cm。此五種合金系中，以Fe-Y-B合金系最具工業應用潛力，本研究以Fe-Y-B合金系為主軸，研究其相關性質及添加第四元素的影響。在Fe-Y-B合金系中，結晶溫度隨Y、B大幅上升：887~986 K。飽和磁化量隨著Y含量增加而大幅降低，在Fe78-xYxB22中由1.47 (x = 4) 降至1.1 T (x = 9)，於Fe76Y4B20得最高的飽和磁化量達1.56 T。在Fe72-yCoyY6B22及Fe72-zNizY6B22合金系，研究加入鈷（Co）、鎳（Ni）取代Fe的影響，結果顯示在維持塊狀非晶形成能力下對Co, Ni的添加有極大的包容度：Co ≤ 36 at%、Ni≤ 15 at%，對於調整磁性質有極大的自由度。結晶溫度隨Co、Ni的加入少量下降，其飽和磁化量隨Co, Ni增加由1.47 T降至0.95 T。為促進工業應用性，研究加入他種元素取代釔以減釔元素在高溫時的高氧化性，並維持其非晶形成能力及軟磁特性。研究發現少量Nb, Ta（2 at%）對於Y的取代可大幅增進非晶形成能力，可製作直徑達4 mm非晶棒材，並同時維持良好軟磁特性，極高的抗壓強度超過4000 MPa。本研究亦提出“結晶及停止模型”來開發新式塊狀奈米晶合金，成功在Fe-Y-Nb-Cu-B合金系製作出直徑達2 mm的塊狀奈米晶合金。此理論模型亦在Fe-Si-B-Nb 及Cu-Zr-Al 合金系中獲得驗証得到其塊狀奈米晶合金。本研究所開發出之鐵基簡單三元塊狀非晶合金及其延申成分，以及所提出之奈米晶合金製作方法，開拓出一新的學術領域研究方向以及對於工業應用有極大的價值。

This work focused on the development and study of Fe-based soft magnetic bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) and a strategy to produce bulk nanocrystalline alloys (BNCAs). Ternary Fe-based bulk metallic glasses were for the first time in the world developed. The BMG research contains two parts: (1) Ternary Fe-R-B (R= Sc, Y, Dy, Ho and Er). (2) Quaternary, Fe-(Co or Ni)-Y-B and Fe-Y-(Nb or Ta)-B BMG systems. Thermal properties, glass forming ability and magnetic properties were investigated. Ternary Fe-based BMGs represented by the formulae FeaMbBc are based on two simple selection rules: (1) M is an element with atomic radius at least 130% that of Fe; (2) M possesses an eutectic point with Fe and the M-Fe eutectic is at the Fe-rich end. The M elements, Sc, Y, Dy, Ho and Er fulfill the two rules exhibit BMG capability at the wide composition range, in atomic %, 3 < b < 10, 18< c < 27, whereas a+b+c = 100. It is much remarkable that bulk amorphous state is achievable with only 3 elements (conventional ones 4 to 7 elements). The ternary BMGs thus developed are characteristic of high saturation magnetization 1.2 to 1.56 T, low coercivity less than 40 A/m, and high electrical resistivity, larger than 200 microphm-cm. Among the explored ternary BMGs, Fe-Y-B alloys show the highest saturation magnetization 1.56 T. The properties of subsequently modified Fe-Y-B by Co, Ni and other transition metal (Nb and Ta) were also investigated. It shows a wide composition range retaining the BMG capability while replacing Fe by Co or Ni revealing a great advantage in modifying the magnetic properties to suit various industrial applications. The partial replacement of Y by Nb or Ta greatly improves the GFA and also retains the soft magnetic properties. The reduction of Y content to decrease the high chemical reactivity to improve industrial production is achieved. The Fe-Y-Nb-B and Fe-Y-Ta-B BMG exhibits extreme high compressive strength above 4000 MPa.
New bulk nanocrystalline alloys were successfully achieved in Fe-Y-Nb-Cu-B, Fe-Si-B-Nb and Cu-Zr-Al alloy systems according to proposed “crystallization-and stop” model including (1) there is at least one principal element (PE) that dominates the crystallization temperature (Tx) and the Tx increases steeply with PE concentration, (2) the PE is barely soluble in the primary crystallites so that they pile up around the crystallizing nano-grains hence the Tx is manifestly increased locally, (3) once the increased Tx is higher than the raised sample temperature (due to heat of crystallization), the crystallization will be stopped to maintain a nano-grain structure, and (4) a nucleation agent is much helpful to enhance nucleation frequency hence reduce the resultant nano-sizes. The development of this model unveils a simpler and more practical way to design an alloy which can achieve bulk nanocrystallization.

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