2005年11月到2006年5月，在台灣北部七縣市採集72個葉片樣品，以二氯喃玫瑰紅氯黴素洋菜膠培養基 (dichloran rose-bengal chloramphenicol agar；DRBC) 及酸化之葡萄糖酵母麥芽抽出物洋菜膠培養基 (acidified dextrose-yeast extract-malt extract agar；AYMA) 同步分離葉片上的酵母菌。透過菌落形態的分析及顯微鏡的觀察，篩選出具有獨特性的酵母菌共268株。所有菌株再以M13為引子 (primer)，利用隨機擴增多型性DNA (random amplified polymorphism DNA, RAPD) 指紋片段分析各菌株DNA電泳圖譜，每一種依圖譜差異各取其中一株為代表菌株，於72個樣品268菌株中共篩選出101株代表性酵母菌株。所有菌株先以尿素試驗 (urease test) 和重氮化合物藍試驗 (diazonium blue B test) 區分子囊菌 (Ascomycetous yeasts) 和擔子菌 (Basidiomycetous yeasts)，再分別以細胞形態、菌絲生成、孢子特徵和生理生化試驗等傳統之鑑定法鑑定所有菌株。粗篩選後的菌株以NLI及NL4為引子，以聚合酶連鎖反應 (polymerase chain reaction，PCR) 合成出大單元 (large subunit) 核糖體之D1/D2區域並予定序，所有菌株序列於GenBank資料庫比對種名，同時比對生理形態特徵，鑑定出菌種種名。鑑定結果顯示：101株酵母菌中擔子菌包含 Bullera, Cryptococcus, Pseudozyma, Rhodotorula及Sporidiobolus五屬29種，共74株，子囊菌包含 Candida, Kazachstania, Kodamaea, Saccharomyces, Sympodiomyces及Wickerhamomyces 六屬19種，共27株，擔子菌佔總菌數的比例高達73.27%，其中以Cryptococcus (52.48 %) 最高。子囊菌佔26.73 %其中以 Candida (15.84 %) 為多數。101株菌株共計11屬48種，其中有4種新種，而48種當中又以 Cryptococcus flavescens (18.81 %) 所佔的比例最高。由以上結果顯示：台灣植物葉表的酵母菌以擔子菌為優勢菌種，菌種較子囊菌分布廣泛，多樣性較為豐富。

The aim of this dissertation is to explore the species diversity of yeasts distributed on leaves in Northern Taiwan and preserve the yeast bioresources. Seventy-two leaves samples, located in the mountain area of seven counties in northern Taiwan, were collected in this study. Two hundred and sixty-eight strains were isolated from these leaf samples with Dichloran Rose-Bengal Chloramphenicol Agar (DRBC) and acidified Glucose-Yeast extract-Malt extract Agar (AYMA). One hundred and one yeast strain were picked up from 268 strains by comparison of electrophoretic patterns of random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) with M13 primer. All the yeast strains were classified into ascomycetous yeasts and basidiomycetous yeasts with Urease and Diazonium Blue B (DBB) tests, and followed by traditionally identification such as Morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. The identification was authenticated by sequences of the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene. The identification results show that 74 out of 101 strains are basidiomycetous yeasts, including Bullera, Cryptococcus, Pseudozyma, Rhodotorula and Sporidiobolus; 27 out of 101 strains are ascomycetous yeasts, including Candida, Kazachstania, Kodamaea, Saccharomyces, Sympodiomyces and Wickerhamomyces. Seventy-three percent of the strains are basidiomycetous yeast, in which Cryptococcus strains are the most (52.48%). Twenty-seven percent of the strains are ascomycetous yeast, in which Candida strains are the most (15.84%). The 101 yeast strains were classified into 11 genus and 48 species, including 4 new species. Out of 48 species, Cryptococcus flavescens takes most percentage (18.81%). As the results, basidiomycetous yeast are predominant on leaf samples collected in this study, and the yeasts are more divergent than ascomycetous yeasts.

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