即時監控緊急防危警示系統（Facilities Management Control System 簡稱FMCS）對於半導體業生產安全扮演不可忽視的角色，稍有差池便會造成嚴重損失甚至不可彌補的傷害。即時監控緊急防危警示系統（FMCS）係一套結合生產系統、電子資料庫和環境監控，以電腦視、聽覺顯示為安全監控的警示系統，專用於提供監控者狀況偵測、狀況顯示、狀況確認並評估及對緊急事件的管理與支援。

視、聽覺系統係吾人接收訊息與傳達溝通的主要媒介，而聽覺警報顯示特別適用於警戒性質的作業，尤其是高複雜和高工作負荷的工作環境，簡短的語音聽覺顯示，對於人員反應及警告訊息的溝通倍有助益。一般VDT工作站對於警報訊號的偵測，常因長時間作業及視、聽覺疲勞的因素造成訊號的漏失或失誤，因此人機介面的設計將影響監控者觀看介面時的訊息接收時間、判斷力及反應力。 　

本研究之目的即在探討系統警報呈現與監控人員之反應，將現場因素及人因工程納入介面設計考量，針對現行系統警報訊號之視、聽覺顯示及操控方式提出改善，此外，基於考量使用者操作便利，加強安全監控，本研究採直接操弄原則，另增設熱鍵（hot key）操控，使每一個操控選項皆能在第一時間被監控者操控及反應，以達增進系統功能與提高監控員績效之目的。
　　
本研究首先對現行系統進行評估，針對系統中的視、聽覺警報呈現及操控方式的缺失進行二階段的實驗，試圖找出系統最佳之視、聽覺呈現及操控方式。自變項包括了聽覺警報訊號呈現、操控方式、監控選項排列；應變項包括反應時間、失誤次數。研究結果顯示，與現行系統相較，新的聽覺警報設計呈現有助於主要監控績效；在聽覺或視覺負荷高的情況下，警報以視覺合併聽覺警示是最好的呈現方式。利用直接操控的原理，採用熱鍵及無線控制鍵盤作為人員系統操控之工具，提高監控人員對警報事件的察覺、反應速度及正確性。最後，根據實驗結果並配合系統人員需求，進一步對介面設計提出改善建議與未來研究方向，期能應用到其他監控系統中警報訊號呈現之參考。

Facilities Management Control System （FMCS）is the most important system for the semiconductor industrial safety, because any unexpected accident may result in the deadly damage. Facilities Management Control System（FMCS） is a system that includes production system, electronic database and environment monitor. The FMCS is monitored by the video display, which assists supervisor on the situation detection, checking and evaluation.
Visual and auditory channels are the major medium for information transmission and communication. The auditory warning display is suitable for most monitoring tasks, especially for the heavy loading and complex working environment. Brief verbal display is helpful for the warning communication and human responding. Too long time operation, visual or auditory fatigue often causes information lost and mistakes in the VDT working station. Therefore, the designs of the human-system interface will affect judgment and response time.
The purpose of this paper is to study the warning display and supervisor’s response. Additionally, this paper also includes the principle of human factor design and environment factor in order to improve the effects of visual and auditory displays, control method of exist system. By the way, the paper use the principle of direct manipulation to setup a hotkey device to make every item to be controlled immediately. It will enhance personal performance and increase the function of this system.
　　The first step of this paper is to evaluate the visual and auditory warning displays of the current system. After evaluation, two stages of the experiment were designed to find out the optimal video display and control method. The independent variables include auditory warning display, control method and item arrangement. The dependent variables include reaction time and number of error. The results indicated that new design of auditory warning display was effective on the primary monitoring performance. Visual plus audio warning is the best way for high mental workload and complex condition. Applying the principle of direct manipulation to setup a hotkey and wireless control panel as the control device can improve supervisor’s detection ability, response speed and accuracy to a warning signal. According to the experimental results and supervisor’s demand, some design suggestions of human interface and future research directions are proposed. It is expected this paper can be applied to design of warning signal display for other similar monitory systems.

參考文獻
Cheng, B., Masahiro H., Takamasa S., 2002, “Analysis of driver response to collision warning during car following”, Society of Automotive Engineers of Jaman, 23, p.p.231~237.

Carryl, L. Baldwin1, David Struckman-Johnson2, 2002, “Impact of speech resentation level on cognitive task performance: implications for auditory display design”, Ergonomics, Vo.45, Number 1, January 15.

Constantine Trahiotis *, Klaus Hartung, 2002, “ Peripheral auditory processing, the precedence effect and responses of single units in the inferior colliculus”, Hearing Research, 168, p.p.55-59.

Chen, Hsiao-Ru, 2002, “Interface Design and Ergonomic Considerations for In-Vehicle Auditory Guidance Systems”, NTHU.

Coleman, G.., 1998, “The signal design window revisited”, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Vol.22, pp.313-318.

Hass, E.C. and J.G.. , 1993, “The perceived urgency and detection time of Multi-tone and Frequency- Modulated warning signals”, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37th Annual Meeting, p.p.544-548.

Hsu, Hong-Te, 2002, “The Effects of Human on Whole Body Reaction Speed to Visual and Auditory Signals”, NKFUST.

Heffner, Henry E., 1998, “ Auditory Awareness”, Applied Animal Behavior Science, Vol.57, Issue:3-4, p.p.259-268.

Hellier, E., Edworthy, J. And Dennis. I., 1993, “Improving auditory warning design: Quantifying and predicting the effects of different warning parameters on perceived urgency”, Human Factors, Vol.35(4), p.p.693-706.

Hellier, Elizabeth J.,1　　 Edworthy, J. and Dennis, Jan, 1993, “Improving Auditory Warning Design: Quantifying and Predicting the effects of Different Warning Parameters on Perceived Urgency”, Human Factors, Vol.35, No.4, pp.693-706,.
Ken, Sagawa, 1999, “Visual Comfort to colored Images Evaluated by Saturation Distribution”, Color research and application, Vol.24, No.5. pp313-321.

King, R.A. and Corso, Gregory, M., 1993, “Auditory Display: If they are so useful, why are they turned off?”, Human Factors And Ergonomics Society 37th Annual Meeting, pp.549-553.

Neville, Stanton1　　，　　*　　and Edworthy2　　,, J., 1998, “Auditory affordances in the intensive treatment unit”, Applied Ergonomics, Vol.29, No.5, pp.389-394.

Stanton, Neville and Edworthy, J., “Towards a methodology for constructing and evaluating representational auditory alarm displays”.

Sanders, M.S., McCormick, E.J. , 1991,”Human Factors in Engineering and Design”, McGraw-Hill, N.Y..

Shneiderman, B., 1987, “Design the user interface”, Addison-wesley Publishing company.

Conzola, V.C., Wogalter*, M.S., 1999, “Using voice and print directive and warnings to supplement product manual instruction”, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Vol.23, pp.549-556.

Wilkins, P., and Martin, A.M., 1987, "Hearing Protection and Warning Sounds in Industry-A Review", Applied Acoustics, Vol.21: pp.267-293.

Wickens, Christopher, D., and Hollands, Justin G., 2000, ” Engineering Psychology and Human Performance”, 3th, pp11-14.

張春興，1995，現代心理學，初版，台灣東華書局，台北。

李開偉，2000，實用人因工程學，初版，全華科技圖書有限公司，台北。

林俊男，2000，人工聲意信號意象感知評價之研究，國立雲林科技大學。

吳水丕、許勝雄、彭游，1998，人因工程－工程與設計之人性因素（上冊），滄海書局，台中，pp.62。
高靜蓉，1996，色彩的視覺判斷效果在包裝設計應用上的實驗研究─以大小、輕重、冷暖感覺為例，國立雲林科技大學。

賴瓊琦，1999，設計的色彩心理，視傳文代事業有限公司。

陳文英，2002，整合式防危警示系統之介面的評估與改善，國立清華大學。

黃慶旭，2002，利用簡易型駕駛模擬器探討警示系統對駕駛者的影響，國立清華大學。

蔡佳仁，2001，整合式監控系統之開發，國立中山大學。

http://www.llaids.com.tw/