本研究主要探討台灣製造產業及服務產業部門的聚集(agglomeration)現象以及產生聚集的原因，本文使用台灣行政院主計處製造業與服務業的工商普查資料，資料期間包含1986、1991、1996 、2001及2006年，採用Ellison and Glaeser (1997)及Maurel and Sedillot (1999)所建立之衡量產業地理集中的方式，結果顯示台灣製造業較服務業部門聚集，整體而言，台灣產業普遍存在地理集中現象，此外，本文並延續Marshall (1920) 提出的「產業區域化」概念，探討驅使台灣產業聚集的原因。實證結果顯示，在整體製造業與服務業中，投入共享(Input sharing)指標於服務業為負向顯著之現象，於製造業則不顯著，另外，勞動市場匯集(Labor market pooling)指標呈現正向顯著的結果，而知識外溢效果(Knowledge spillover)指標亦呈現正向顯著的結果，上述結果隱含勞動市場匯集與知識外溢效果對於台灣製造業與服務業部門而言為重要的群聚力量。由於，過去學者較少探討服務業聚集現象，因此，為了更清楚探討服務業之聚集情形，本文將服務業分類成七個子產業找出其中聚集的因素作更全面的探討。

Audretsch, D. B. and M. P. Feldman, (1996), R & D spillovers and the geography of innovation and production, American Economic Review 86(4): 253-273.
Combes, P. P., and G. Duranton. (2006)."Labor pooling, Labor Poaching, and Spatial Clustering. "Regional Science and Urban Economics, 36, 1-28.
Chan, Li-Yu. (2010). "Geographic Concentration and Its Determinants in Taiwan Manufacturing Industries." Journal of Geographical Science, 58, 25-47. (In Chinese)
Dixit, Avinash K and Stiglitz, Joseph E, (1977). "Monopolistic Competition and Optimum Product Diversity," American Economic Review, 67(3), 297-308
Durbin, J. (1954). "Errors in variables". Review of the International Statistical Institute 22, 23–32.
Ellison, Glenn, and Edward L. Gleaser (1997). "Geographic Concentration in U.S. Manufacturing Industries: A Dartboard Approach." Journal of Political Economy, 105(5), 899-927.
Ellison, Glenn, and Edward L. Gleaser (1999). "The Geographic Concentration of Industries: Does Natural Advantage Explain Agglomeration?" American Economic Review, 89(2), 311-316.
Ellison, Glenn, Edward L. Gleaser and William R.Kerr. (2010). "What Causes Industry Agglomeration? Evidence from Coagglomeration Patterns." American Economic Review, 100(3), 1195-1213.
Hausman, J. (1978). "Specification tests in econometrics". Econometrica 46 (3), 1251–1271.
Holmes, Thomas (1998), " The Effects of State Policies on the Location of Manufacturing: Evidence from State Borders," Journal of Political Economy, 106, 667-705.
Hoover, E. (1937); "Spatial price discrimination". Review of Economic Studies, 4.
Keeble, D., Offord, J. and Walker, S. Peripheral Regions in Community of Twelve Member States, Luxemburg: Commission of the European Community, 1986.
Klodt, H. (1995), "Technologiepolitik aus ökonomischer Sicht. Theoretische Anforderungen und politische Realität. "In Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, B 49, Bonn, S. 11-18.
Kolko, Jed (2010), " Urbanization, Agglomeration, and Coagglomeration of Service Industries," in Agglomeration Economics, Edward Glaeser (ed), National Bureau of Economic Research,University of Chicago Press, 151-180.
Krenz, Astrid (2010), "Services sectors' agglomeration and its interdependence with industrial agglomeration in the European Union ". Center for European, Governance and Economic Development Research Discussion Paper Number 107.
Krenz, Astrid (2012a), "A panel co-integration analysis of industrial and services sectors’ agglomeration in the European Union". Center for European, Governance and Economic Development Research Discussion Paper Number 146.
Krenz, Astrid (2012b), "Modeling Services Sectors’ Agglomeration within a New Economic Geography Model ". Center for European, Governance and Economic Development Research Discussion Paper Number 147.
Krugman, Paul (1991), "Increasing Returns and Economic Geography," Journal of Political Economy, 99, 483-499.
Lin, Li, Yang (2011), "Agglomeration and productivity：Firm-level evidence from China’s textile industry". China Economic Review, 22, 313-329.
Lu and Tao (2009), "Trends and determinants of China’s industrial agglomeration". Journal of Urban Economics, 65, 167-180.
Mariotti, Sergio, Lucia Piscitello and Elia, Stefano (2009), "Do knowledge spillovers promote the co-agglomeration between national and multinational firms?" ETSG(European Trade Study Group) Working Papers.
Marshall, Alfred (1920), Principles of Economics. London, U.K.: MacMillan and Co.
Maurel, Framcoise and Be’atrice Se’dillot. (1999). "A measure of the geographic concentration in French manufacturing industries." Regional Science and Urban Economics 29, 575-604.
Porter, Michael E. (1990), The Competitive Advantage of Nations. New York, NY: The Free Press.
Porter, M. E., 1998, "Cluster and the New Economics of Competition," Harvard
Business Review, Vol.76, No.6, 77-90
Rosenthal, Stuart S. and Strange, William C. (2001), "The Determinants of Agglomeration," Journal of Urban Economics, 50, 191-229.
Wu, D.-M. (1973). "Alternative tests of independence between stochastic regressors and disturbances". Econometrica, 41 (4),733–750.
Wu, Yu-Chi (2012). "An Empirical Study on Industrial Agglomeration of Taiwan Manufacturing Sector." Master dissertation. Hsinchu: National Tsing Hua University, Department of Economics.