以相位對比磁共振影像評估超音波輻射力之影響

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研究生：	吳哲維 Wu, Che-Wei
論文名稱：	以相位對比磁共振影像評估超音波輻射力之影響 Evaluation of Acoustic Radiation Force by Phase-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging
指導教授：	彭旭霞 Peng, Hsu-Hsia
口試委員:	鍾孝文 Chung, Hsiao-Wen 劉浩澧 Liu, Hao-Li 葉秩光 Yeh, Chih-Kuang
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	原子科學院 - 生醫工程與環境科學系 Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences
論文出版年：	2018
畢業學年度：	106
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	92
中文關鍵詞：	超音波輻射力、相位對比磁振造影、微氣泡
外文關鍵詞：	radiationforce, PC-MRI, microbubble
相關次數：	點閱：2 下載：0
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近年來,藉由聚焦式超音波之輻射力聚集之微氣泡是為人所知的藥物傳遞機制. 對於在動物中定位聚集之氣泡及計算該氣泡之聚集程度為一重要議題.此研究之目標即為藉由相位對比磁振造影觀察因超音波輻射力聚集之氣泡造成的流場變化,進而找出其位置同時測量該氣泡大.在仿體實驗中，分別以橫切面與縱切面來顯示不同的流體資訊。此外，此研究同時也展示了活體實驗的可行性。超音波輻射力會將微氣泡聚集而縮窄管徑進一步造成流體的改變。因此為維持氣泡聚集處的流量，會造成流速上升。此外在氣泡聚集處也會發現有流場轉動之情形。這些結果皆提供了以相位對比磁振造影技術評估超音波輻射力之可行性. 再者，在活體中也有執行與仿體相似的實驗並也獲得流速上升且血流有轉動之結果。此研究之概念將提供一個新的方法觀察於較深層之血管之評估超音波輻射力進而希望提供超音波輻射力在藥物傳遞上有新的應用。

Gas-filled microbubbles (MB) aggregated by acoustic radiation force (ARF) with focused ultrasound (FUS) is a well-known mechanism of drug delivery. It is an important issue to localize the aggregated bubbles and evaluate their size in the animals. However, the optical microscope was limited depth and the ultrasound image constricted to the resolution of soft tissue, such as vessel wall. The aim of this study was to observe MR SI change caused by ARF-induced aggregation by phase-contrast MRI, using the MR SI change to localize the aggregated bubbles and evaluate their size simultaneously in the vessel.
In in vitro experiment, different MB concentrations, acoustic pressures and flow velocities performed in axial view and different MB concentrations tested in sagittal view. Further, in vivo experiment tested in this study to show the feasibility of aggregating MBs by ARF in the vessel.
Acoustic radiation force aggregated MB to narrow down the chamber and cause the flow change. The flow velocity increased to maintain the flow rate at the focal plane. Rotated velocity vectors and formation of centripetal force could be found near the position of aggregated bubble. In addition, the high velocity center shifted due to the aggregations. These findings indicated the capability of quantitating ARF-induced bubble by PC-MRI. Moreover, the feasibility of in vivo experiment was also conducted. The change of velocity, vorticity and centripetal force were found in in vivo experiment.
The concept of this study could be useful to evaluate the ARF-induced aggregation in the deeper vessel in body. Thus, this could develop the innovative application of ARF-induced drug delivery.

Table    8
Figure    9
Chapter 1 Introduction    12
1    Focused Ultrasound and Microbubbles    12
1.1    Focused Ultrasound    12
1.2    Microbubbles    12
1.3    Mechanisms of Microbubbles Combined with Focused Ultrasound    13
1.4    Application of Microbubbles in MRI    16
2    Monitoring of Acoustic Radiation Force    17
2.1    Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Imaging    17
2.2    Ultrasound    17
3    Motivation    18
4    Dissertation Orientation    19
Chapter 2 Theory    20
1    Phase-Contrast MRI    20
2    Hypothesis of Detecting Acoustic Radiation Force    22
Chapter 3 Materials and Methods    23
1    Preparation of Microbubble and Phantom    23
2    Axial View    24
3    Sagittal View    26
4    In Vivo Experiment    33
4.1    Animal Preparation    33
4.2    Experimental Set-Up    34
4.3    Ultrasound Parameter    36
4.4    MRI Acquisition    36
4.5    Data Analysis Process    38
Chapter 4 Results and Discussion: In Vitro: Axial View    39
1    Temporal Standard Deviation of Velocity    39
1.1    MB concentration    39
1.2    Acoustic pressure    40
1.3    Flow velocity    41
1.4    Summary    42
2    %Velocity Change    45
2.1    MB concentration    45
2.2    Flow velocity    45
2.3    Acoustic pressure    50
3    High Velocity Center Displacement    54
4    Discussion    57
Chapter 5 Results and Discussion: In Vitro: Sagittal View    60
1    Velocity and Vorticity    60
2    Centripetal Force    65
3    Discussion    68
3.1    Localization of aggregated bubble    68
3.2    Estimation of aggregation size    69
Chapter 6 Results and Discussion: In Vivo    70
1    Velocity and Vorticity    70
2    Centripetal force    78
3    Signal void of Jugular Vein after FUS applied    82
4    Discussion    84
4.1    Formation of aggregation    84
4.2    Velocity fluctuation at post-FUS    85
Chapter 7 Conclusions    86
1    Limitation    86
2    Conclusions    86
2.1    In vitro    86
2.2    In vivo    87
3    Future Work    87
Chapter 8 References    88

                                

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