利用二維材料進行多功能材料的研發與高性能電子元件的製作是開啟未來科技的敲門磚。針對探索二維材料的未來趨勢，本論文將著重在利用化學氣相沉積法進行新穎二維材料的合成、二維材料性質的測量、電子元件的製備以及其在能源與電子領域的應用。本篇論文內容共有三部分：探討（一）大面積、超薄且可調控相的二碲化鎢鉬（MoxW1-xTe2）薄膜在室溫下顯現的磁阻性質；（二）MoxW1-xTe2　奈米鬚於染料敏化太陽能電池（DSCC）中作為高效能的相對電極；以及（三）雙極性單晶二硒化錸（ReSe2）在不對稱電極之下的紅外線發光電晶體（Light emitting transistor, LET）之應用。
在室溫下具有不飽和磁阻性質的高度穩定超薄材料，在未來次世代電磁性電子元件中扮演著舉足輕重的腳色。利用化學氣相沉積法在六方氮化硼基板上合成大面積、毋須轉移基板、高度且可調控晶相的Td-Mo0.27W0.71Te2.02，或是2H- 與 Td-Mo0.22W0.89Te1.89薄膜，Td-Mo0.27W0.71Te2.02薄膜的平均載子遷移率為725 cm2V-1s-1；其不飽和磁阻在溫度5K之下為18%，而在室溫時則為11%。在此三元系統中，反弱局域效應在碲缺乏的2H- 與 Td-Mo0.22W0.89Te1.89的混合晶相薄膜中是首次發現且證實的，該效應表現出受抑制的磁阻性質，而其原因為受到縮減的電子相位相干長度中，反覆出現電子非彈性散射所導致。該研究探討二維外爾半金屬材料（Weyl semi-metallic 2D materials）的大面積與相調控的晶體合成，以供未來對於電磁性質更深入的了解。
新穎多晶MoxW1-xTe2材料為基礎的相對電極，具有高載子遷移率、晶相相依的晶格畸變以及表面電荷密度波的特性，並能夠大幅增強染料敏化太陽能電池中的電子傳輸機構以及電催化能力。此研究中，吾人提供了利用化學氣相沉積法將二元及三元MoxW1-xTe2晶體直接合成在碳布（carbon cloth）上的方法。在其光電的各項參數的分析中，在100次的循環伏安法之下，MoxW1-xTe2/CC相較於在I^-/I_3^- 電解質溶液中的標準Pt/CC電極更為穩定。以1T’- 與 Td-Mo0.66W0.32Te2.02/CC為基礎的染料敏化太陽能電池表現出極低的電阻（0.62 Ω cm2），且可以達成高達16.29 mA cm-2的光電流以及9.40%的效率。值得一提的是，MoxW1-xTe2　奈米鬚在此的功能是作為電子的高速傳輸媒介，藉由縮減載子在電解液中的離子與相對電極間的垂直傳輸路徑，達成增強染料敏化太陽能電池中的反應動力學。此研究展示出具有高載子遷移率、強力的表面態的1T’- 與 Td-Mo0.66W0.32Te2.02/CC奈米鬚結構，可以取代染料敏化太陽能電池的傳統白金電極，並成為高效率的相對電極以供電催化方面的應用。
近紅外光發光元件是理想的非接觸性醫療設備以及高速資料傳輸設備的組件。利用常壓化學氣相沉積法所合成出的二硒化錸（ReSe2）晶體，以此方法所合成的晶體具有卓越的非等相性的結構與幾近完美的元素化學計量比例。利用精準的功函數匹配的非對稱電極元件中，該元件表現出極低的開啟電流以及完美的雙極性電子傳輸性質，其中包含了密度對稱且高載子遷移率的電子與電洞，以及幾乎位於能隙中間的費米能階。在常壓下，經由調頻後的ReSe2元件被觀察到有近紅外線電致發光現象。在光致發光的測量中，該元件所發出的近紅外光功率為0.28 μW。另外，該元件發射出的近紅外光非常的穩定。在偏光的測量中，顯示出ReSe2-LET具有對於激子的非等相性平面內偏振現象。本研究展示了二維材料為基礎的近紅外光發光二極體，有望成為超薄資料傳輸的元件。

Electronic and Energy industries are in quest of high performance devices for developing future technologies to circumvent the needs of global consumers. The global thirst for nanoscale innovations has boosted the research in multifunctional materials for high efficiency devices with two-dimensional (2D) materials for future technologies. Aiming at the future trend of exploring the fascinating 2D materials, my research was involved in the synthesis of novel 2D materials by a CVD method and their characterizations, device fabrication, and applications in electronics and energy-based systems. This research focuses on the (1) phase-engineered large-area MoxW1-xTe2 ultra-thin films exhibiting room-temperature magnetoresistance, (2) MoxW1-xTe2 naowhiskers as a highly efficient counter electrode for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), and (3) ambipolar rhenium diselenide (ReSe2) single crystalline domains for the fabrication of single-component near infra-red (NIR) light emitting transistors (LET).
Highly stable ultrathin films of large unsaturated room-temperature magnetoresistance (MR) are essential for the next-generation real-time magnetoelectric devices. A large-area, transfer-free, highly crystalline, and phase-engineered ultrathin film of Td-Mo0.27W0.71Te2.02 or 2H- & Td-Mo0.22W0.89Te1.89 on a hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) substrate was synthesized with a CVD method. The Td-Mo0.27W0.71Te2.02 with average mobility of 725 cm2V-1s-1 possesses non-saturating MR of 18 % at 5 K and 11 % at room temperature. The weak localization effect was evidenced unprecedentedly by the Te-deficient 2H- & Td-Mo0.22W0.89Te1.89 thin film with unusual co-existence of two crystal phases, which exhibit a suppressed MR caused by the recurring inelastic scattering with a reduced phase coherence length. This work explores the production of phase-engineered large-area Weyl semi-metallic 2D materials for the realization of magnetoelectrics in the near future.
Novel polymorphic MoxW1-xTe2-based counter electrodes possess high carrier mobility, phase-dependent lattice distortion, and surface charge density wave to boost the charge-transfer kinetics and electrocatalytic activity in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Here, we report the syntheses of stoichiometry-controlled binary and ternary MoxW1-xTe2 nanowhiskers directly on carbon cloth (CC), with a CVD technique. The photovoltaic parameter analysis manifests that MoxW1-xTe2/CCs are more stable than a standard Pt/CC in the I^-/I_3^- electrolyte. A 1T’- & Td-Mo0.66W0.32Te2.02/CC-based DSSC possesses lower charge-transfer resistance (0.62 Ω cm2) and an efficiency of 9.40%. Notably, MoxW1-xTe2 nanowhiskers act as an electron expressway by shortening the path of carrier transportation in the axial direction from a counter electrode to electrolytic ions to enhance the reaction kinetics in DSSCs. This work demonstrates that the nanowhiskers-structured 1T’- & Td-Mo0.66W0.32Te2.02/CC with high carrier mobility and robust surface states can serve as a highly efficient counter electrode in DSSCs to replace the conventional Pt counter electrode for electrocatalytic applications.
Near-infrared emitting devices are ideal for non-contact medical diagnosis and fast data communication technologies. High quality ReSe2 samples possessing superior anisotropic single crystalline nature with perfect stoichiometry were synthesized by atmospheric chemical vapor deposition technique. The precise work function matched asymmetric contact electrode engineered architecture demonstrated low turn on current and perfectly ambipolar characteristics comprising symmetric high mobility electron and hole population with Fermi level centered nearly at middle of the band gap. Ambient condition NIR EL has been unprecedentedly observed in frequency modulated pulsed injected ReSe2 devices. TThe bias-dependent, distance-dependent and wavelength-dependent measurements have quantitatively evidenced the highly stable NIR EL from ReSe2. The polarization-dependent double lobe emission feature manifests the inherent anisotropic in-plane polarization of ReSe2 excitonic features. This study reveals the potential of 2D material based NIR-LEDs as a promising pathway for ultrathin scalable data communication electronics in the future.

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