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研究生： 徐耀東
Yao-Tung Hsu
論文名稱： 核電廠橡膠電纜劣化與監測技術之研究
Monitoring the Degradation of Ethylene Propylene Rubber Cables Used in Nuclear Power Plants
指導教授： 張廖貴術
Kuei-Shu Chang-Liao
口試委員:
學位類別： 博士
Doctor
系所名稱： 原子科學院 - 工程與系統科學系
Department of Engineering and System Science
論文出版年： 2007
畢業學年度： 95
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 75
中文關鍵詞： 橡膠電纜劣化 、老化機制 、濕熱劣化 、材料空孔 、監測 、絕緣電阻 、壓痕模數 、散逸因素
外文關鍵詞： EPR cable degradation, Aging mechanism, Moisture-related degradation, Material void, Condition monitoring, Insulation resistance, Indenter modulus, Dissipation factor
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    • 由於能源價格不斷高漲，美國許多運轉中的核能機組已申請獲准延長其使用年限，以達最佳的經濟效益，而機組延壽最關鍵的就是設備劣化問題。目前核電廠電纜劣化為主要的老化評估項目之ㄧ，而以非破壞方式監測電纜劣化行為，並評估其剩餘壽命為重要課題。本研究藉由橡膠電纜在熱與輻射、長期高溫浸水、LOCA環境模擬等老化環境條件，並輔以絕緣材料水分分析及SEM觀察顯微組織，以探究橡膠電纜劣化現象與監測技術。研究顯示，電纜在熱老化環境，絕緣材料老化至某種程度時，其伸長率會快速下降現象，表示材料抗氧化劑已逐漸用盡；而在濕熱老化環境，絕緣材料內部空孔大小及密度變化，與材料耐水性及電纜電性劣化有密切的關係；另在輻射與LOCA老化環境，因絕緣材料更容易受水分子侵入，導致絕緣電阻特別低。在監測技術方面，乃藉由電性、機械性、化學性及感官檢查等方法，檢測電纜在不同老化環境條件的劣化行為。同時探討合理的允收準則，並應用Arrhenius公式，估算其剩餘壽命。再者，經由電纜壓痕模數、伸長率及耐壓強度三者關係，顯示電纜在不同老化環境，其壽命評估準則也應該有所不同。電纜在熱老化環境時，絕緣材料伸長率降低速度最快，所以適用伸長率作為允收準則，來評估電纜壽命較適合；在濕熱老化環境時，由於絕緣材料耐壓強度低速速度最快，故適用耐壓強度作為允收準則，來評估電纜壽命。最後，本研究發現，對於無法碰觸（inaccessible）橡膠電纜劣化行為，適用非破壞性的絕緣電阻與散逸因素來監測；而對於可碰觸（accessible）橡膠電纜劣化行為，適用壓痕模數來監測，並藉由適當的允收準則，據以評估電纜剩餘壽命。

    摘要................... I 致謝................... II 目錄................... III 圖目錄................... VI 表目錄................... IX 第一章 緒論................... 1 1.1 研究動機與目的................... 1 1.2 研究範圍................... 2 1.3 研究概要................... 2 第二章 文獻回顧................... 4 2.1 前言................... 4 2.2 電纜種類................... 5 2.3 老化機制與影響................... 6 2.4 老化評估模型................... 7 2.5 允收準則................... 8 2.6 監測方法................... 9 2.7 結論................... 11 第三章 實驗與量測方法................... 12 3.1 材料................... 12 3.2 老化實驗................... 12 3.3 量測................... 13 3.4 結論................... 15 第四章 橡膠電纜材料特性評估................... 21 4.1 熱老化環境................... 21 4.2 濕熱老化環境................... 23 4.3 熱與輻射老化環境................... 24 4.4 LOCA模擬老化環境................... 25 4.5 機械特性與電氣特性之關聯性................... 25 4.6 自然老化與人工加速老化電纜................... 26 4.7 結論................... 27 第五章 橡膠電纜老化監測................... 47 5.1 電性監測................... 47 5.2 機械性監測................... 50 5.3 化學性監測................... 52 5.4 感官檢查................... 52 5.5 允收準則與剩餘壽命估算................... 53 5.6 結論................... 55 第六章 結論與建議................... 68 6.1 結論................... 68 6.2 建議................... 70 參考文獻................... 71

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