研究生: |
張喬富 |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
金氧半影像感測器可消除固定圖像雜訊之讀出電路設計 Design of a Readout Circuit for Fixed-Pattern Noise Reduction in the CMOS Image Sensor |
指導教授: |
周懷樸
Hwai-Pwu Chou |
口試委員: | |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
原子科學院 - 工程與系統科學系 Department of Engineering and System Science |
論文出版年: | 2004 |
畢業學年度: | 92 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 65 |
中文關鍵詞: | 固定圖像雜訊 、影像感測器 、讀出電路 |
外文關鍵詞: | fixed pattern noise, CMOS image sensor, readout circuit |
相關次數: | 點閱:2 下載:0 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本篇論文是探討如何消除CMOS影像感測器中的固定圖像雜訊(fixed pattern noise,FPN)。而FPN可分為兩種,一種是同一行內像素與像素之間的固定圖像雜訊,稱為P-P FPN,另一種是行與行間的固定圖像雜訊,稱為C-C FPN。然而一般電路已用行處理電路中的相關二次取樣方式將P-P FPN降低,故在此將採用一種行處理電路可有最小的C-C FPN,再於其後設計出讀出電路。並且設計類比電路所需時序使得像素陣列在感光後能依序經由讀出電路獲得輸出。本研究是以主動式像素感測器作為感光元件,接在APS之後的行處理與讀出電路可實行取樣與相減功能來降低FPN,其中讀出電路是用切換電容全差動放大器來實現。
本篇論文以TSMC 0.35um 2P4M製程,類比與數位時序控制電路總面積約0.402 ,填充係數為28.6%,整張圖像輸出速度在25Mhz時脈下為153.2 frames/s。
[1] W. S. Boyle and G. E. Smith,”Charge-Coupled Semiconductors Devices”, J. Bell Syst. Tech.,vol.49,pp.587-593,1970
[2] Fossum, E.R.,” CMOS image sensors: electronic camera-on-a-chip”,
Electron Devices, IEEE Transactions on , Volume: 44 , Issue: 10 , Oct. 1997 ,Pages:1689 – 1698
[3] Mendis, S.K.; Kemeny, S.E.; Fossum, E.R.,” A 128×128 CMOS active pixel image sensor for highly integrated imaging systems”,Electron Devices Meeting, 1993. Technical Digest., International , 5-8 Dec. 1993 ,Pages:583 - 586
[4] Mendis, S.K.; Kemeny, S.E.; Gee, R.C.; Pain, B.; Staller, C.O.; Quiesup Kim; Fossum, E.R,” CMOS active pixel image sensors for highly integrated imaging systems”,Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of , Volume: 32 , Issue: 2 , Feb. 1997 ,Pages:187 - 197
[5] E.R.Fossum,”Active pixelsensor:are CCDs dinosaurs?”,SPIE,Vol.1990. pp 31-39,1993
[6] R.H. Dyck and G.P. Weckler,“Integrated Arrays of Silicon Photodetectors for Image Sensing,” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, Vol. ED-15, p.196, Apr. 1968.
[7] P. Noble, “Self-scanned Silicon Image Detector Arrays,” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, Vol. ED-15, p.202, Apr. 1968.
[8] O. Yadid-Pecht, B. Mansoorian, E.R. Fossum, and B. Pain, “Optimization of Noise in CMOS Active Pixel Sensors for Detection of
Ultra Low Light Levels,”Proc. SPIE, Vol.3019, p.125, 1997.
[9] T. Lulé, S. Benthien, H. Keller, F. Mütze, P. Rieve, K. Seibel, Micheal Sommer,and M. Böhm, “Sensitivity of CMOS Based Imagers and Scaling Perspectives,”IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, Vol.47, No.11, pp.2110-2122, Nov. 2000.
[10] Liang-Wei Lai; Cheng-Hsiao Lai; Ya-Chin King,” A novel logarithmic response CMOS image sensor with high output voltage swing and in-pixel fixed-pattern noise reduction” ,Sensors Journal, IEEE , Volume: 4 , Issue: 1 , Feb. 2004 ,Pages:122 - 126
[11] M.F. Snoeij, A.J.P. Theuwissen and J.H. Huijsing,”Read-Out Circuits for Fixed- Pattern Noise Reduction in a CMOS Active Pixel Sensor”,Electronic Instrumentation Laboratory Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands,1994
[12] Bart DIERICKX, Guy MEYNANTS, Danny SCHEFFER,” Offset-free offset correction for active pixel sensors”, IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
[13] Degerli, Y.; Lavernhe, F.; Magnan, P.; Farre, P.J,” Column readout circuit with global charge amplifier for CMOS APS imagers”, Electronics Letters , Volume: 36 , Issue: 17 , 17 Aug. 2000 ,Pages:1457 – 1459
[14] Mendis, S.K.; Kemeny, S.E.; Gee, R.C.; Pain, B.; Staller, C.O.; Quiesup Kim; Fossum, E.R.,”CMOS active pixel image sensors for highly integrated imaging systems”, Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of , Volume: 32 , Issue: 2 , Feb. 1997 ,Pages:187 – 197
[15] Blanksby, A.J.; Loinaz, M.J.; Inglis, D.A.; Ackland, B.D.,” Noise performance of a color CMOS photogate image sensor”,Electron Devices Meeting, 1997. Technical Digest., International , 7-10 Dec. 1997 ,Pages:205 - 208
[16] Nixon, R.H.; Kemeny, S.E.; Pain, B.; Staller, C.O.; Fossum, E.R.,” 256×256 CMOS active pixel sensor camera-on-a-chip”, Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of , Volume: 31 , Issue: 12 , Dec. 1996 ,Pages:2046 – 2050
[17] Salama, K.; El Gamal, A.,” Analysis of active pixel sensor readout circuit”, Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications, IEEE Transactions on [see also Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, IEEE Transactions on] , Volume: 50 , Issue: 7 , July 2003 ,Pages:941 - 945
[18] B. Razavi, ”Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits”, McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. 2001
[19] Mendis, S.; Kemeny, S.E.; Fossum, E.R.,” CMOS active pixel image sensor”,Electron Devices, IEEE Transactions on , Volume: 41 , Issue: 3 , March 1994 Pages:452 - 453
[20] 湯小慧 “金氧半影像感測陣列固定圖像雜訊消除電路之設計” NTHU 2003 碩士論文
[21] Fossum, E.R.,” CMOS image sensors: electronic camera on a chip”,
Electron Devices Meeting, 1995., International , 10-13 Dec. 1995,
Pages:17 – 25
[22] Fossum, E.R.,” CMOS image sensors: electronic camera on a chip”,
Electron Devices, IEEE Transactions on , Volume: 44 , Issue: 10 , Oct. 1997 ,Pages:1689 - 1698
[23] Kwang-Bo Cho; Krymski, A.I.; Fossum, E.R.,” A 1.5-V 550-/spl mu/W 176/spl times/144 autonomous CMOS active pixel image sensor”,Electron Devices, IEEE Transactions on , Volume: 50 , Issue: 1 , Jan. 2003 ,Pages:96 – 105
[24] Sung-Hyun Yang; Kyoung-Rok Cho,” High dynamic range CMOS image sensor with conditional reset”,Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, 2002. Proceedings of the IEEE 2002 , 12-15 May 2002 ,Pages:265 – 268
[25] Decker, S.; McGrath, D.; Brehmer, K.; Sodini, C.G.” A 256×256 CMOS imaging array with wide dynamic range pixels and column-parallel digital output”,Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of , Volume: 33 , Issue: 12 , Dec. 1998,Pages:2081 – 2091
[26] Hsiu-Yu Cheng; Ya-Chin King,”A CMOS image sensor with dark-current cancellation and dynamic sensitivity operations”,Electron Devices, IEEE Transactions on , Volume: 50 , Issue: 1 , Jan. 2003 ,Pages:91-95