藍牙分散式網路中以時間頻寬平衡為基礎的連線排程方法

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研究生：	蘇義峰 Su, I. F.
論文名稱：	藍牙分散式網路中以時間頻寬平衡為基礎的連線排程方法 Time bandwidth balance-based scheduling in Bluetooth scatternet
指導教授：	鐘太郎 Jong, T. L.
口試委員:	黃裕煒謝奇文
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系 Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年：	2011
畢業學年度：	99
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	86
中文關鍵詞：	藍牙、排程
外文關鍵詞：	Bluetooth, Scheduling
相關次數：	點閱：2 下載：0
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本論文主要以藍牙技術實際應用的觀點出發，討論實際應用上的連線排程。藍牙技術的連線排程在學術上一直有論文提出來探討，但大多數的探討並沒有針對實際應用。而大部份的論文都以循環(Round Robin)的方法為主軸，其宗旨大多強調「公平性」。但是實際上應該根據應用的不同而因時制宜。因為藍牙技術本身的傳輸速率不高，所以過分地去強調高傳輸速率的排程似乎毫無意義。反觀藍牙的基本精神是在便利性與低功耗，也就是說藍牙的服務品質似乎比傳輸速率更加來的重要。尤其是當連線愈多的時候，在排程上更加是不可以有所謂的「公平」。比方說，聲音的品質就遠比檔案傳輸的速率來的重要。這是因為人類的感官可以明顯地感受出聲音品質的差異感。在連線較多的情況下，假設每個連線所分配到的時間頻寬已經不大了，甚至連聲音連線(A2DP)的頻寬也明顯不足時。「公平性」的訴求就似乎變得不重要了。重要的是要如何維持聲音連線所需要的頻寬以確保聲音的品質。因此本論文提出以時間頻寬平衡的排程方法，再加上在計算Bandwidth Debt時可因時制宜的權重參數來解決這類的問題。此排程演算法可以分為三個步驟，分別是根據所提簡化的Link Priority計算公式選出Link Priority大於臨界值(0)的Link、再根據Frame Time來判斷推選出Candidates、最後根據所提Bandwidth Debt投票選擇需被排程的Low Priority Link。根據實驗結果可以清楚地呈現出，縱使在多個FTP連線下採用所提的排程方法能夠使A2DP連線的傳輸延遲可以被有效地降低而達到確保A2DP的連線頻寬與聲音品質。而利用調整Bandwidth Debt的權重參數大小亦可達到在不同干擾下保持A2DP連線的聲音品質。根據實驗模擬結果，如果A2DP的權重調整為90時，可以滿足所有重傳次數1~4、連線數2~7的情境。在一般情形下，權重參數設定為10~15即可滿足絕大部份的連線數與干擾情境下A2DP連線的聲音品質。

In this thesis, investigation on the issues of time bandwidth balance scheduling of Bluetooth communication from a practical applications viewpoint is discussed. Some research papers have been reported in the past on the issue of Bluetooth scheduling. However, most of them are focused on the “fairness” and transmission throughput of utilizing the Bluetooth transmission bandwidth among devices, without considering the service quality in practical applications situations. In practical applications, different Bluetooth devices require different processing and response time and service quality. Since the transmission rate in Bluetooth is not high, it would be pointless to overemphasize in transmission throughput. Whereas the major benefits of Bluetooth are convenience and low power consumptions, which means the service quality of Bluetooth seems more important than the “fairness” and transmission throughput, especially in circumstances where there are more Bluetooth connections and devices requiring high QoS, For example, the QoS in audio quality should be more important than the throughput in file transfer. That’s because the human auditory systems can clearly distinguish the difference and quality of sounds. When the connections increase, assuming that the time bandwidth allocated for each connection is not big and even not enough for the audio connections, the fairness issue in scheduling becomes less important. What’s important is how to maintain the connection bandwidth of the audio device (A2DP connection) so that the audio quality is maintained. In this thesis, a time bandwidth balance-based scheduling is proposed to solve such problem. First, participant links with Link Priority greater than 0 are selected based on a simplified formula devised to compute the Link Priority. Second, candidate links are chosen from the participant links based on a frame time criterion. Finally, a bandwidth debt for each candidate link is computed using proposed formula and is used to decide the scheduling of each candidate link. Some experiments are performed and results show that the proposed scheduling method can effectively maintain the connection bandwidth and sound quality of A2DP connection under multiple FTP connections situations. Meanwhile, by adjusting the weight of bandwidth-debt of A2DP connection, the proposed time bandwidth balance-based scheduling can tolerate severe interference circumstances (measured by the number of retransmission) and maintain the sound quality of A2DP connection (provide 300 timeslots/s for A2DP) under up to extra 6 FTP connections.

摘要    i
Abstract    ii
誌謝    iv
章節目錄    v
圖目錄    x
表目錄    xiii
  簡介    1
1    緣起與動機    1
2    研究主題背景    2
3    研究主題簡介    5
4    論文架構    5
  藍牙系統    6
1    運作概念    6
2    核心系統架構    8
2.1    通道管理器    10
2.2    L2CAP資源管理器    10
2.3    裝置管理器    11
2.4    鏈結管理器    11
2.5    基頻資源管理器    11
2.6    鏈結控制器    12
2.7    射頻    12
3    資料傳輸架構    13
3.1    資料交流管道    13
3.2    資料交流架構實體    14
3.2.1    藍牙通用封包結構    15
4    網路架構    17
  藍牙射頻層    18
1    頻帶與頻道    18
2    發射機特性    18
2.1    基本位元率    19
2.1.1    調變特性    19
2.1.2    頻率容忍    20
2.2    加強位元率    21
2.2.1    調變特性    21
2.2.2    頻帶內的混附發射(in-band spurious emission)    22
2.2.3    頻率容忍    23
  藍牙基頻層    25
1    概述    25
1.1    藍牙計時器    26
1.2    藍牙裝置定址    27
1.3    存取碼    28
2    實體通道    28
2.1    實體通道的定義    29
2.2    基本微網路實體通道    29
2.2.1    主從關係的定義    30
2.2.2    跳頻特性    30
2.2.3    時槽    30
2.2.4    微網路計時器    31
2.2.5    傳送與接收的時序    31
2.3    適應微網路實體通道    34
2.4    呼叫掃描實體通道    35
2.4.1    估計計時器    35
2.4.2    跳頻特性    35
2.4.3    呼叫程序的時序    36
2.4.4    呼叫回應的時序    36
2.5    詢問掃描實體通道    38
2.5.1    詢問用的計時器    38
2.5.2    跳頻特性    38
2.5.3    詢問程序的時序    39
2.5.4    詢問回應的時序    39
2.6    跳頻選取    40
2.6.1    跳頻選取機制    40
2.6.2    選取器核心    43
2.6.3    適應選取器核心    44
3    實體鏈結    45
3.1    連線管理    45
4    邏輯傳輸    46
4.1    邏輯傳輸位址 (LT_ADDR)    47
5    邏輯鏈結    47
6    封包    48
6.1    封包格式    48
6.1.1    基本位元率    48
6.1.2    加強位元率    48
6.2    存取碼    49
6.3    封包標頭    49
7    資料處理    50
7.1    ARQ機制    51
7.2    重傳過濾    53
8    鏈結控制器的操作    54
  以時間頻寬平衡為基礎的連線排程    56
1    Frame-based 排程    57
2    Frame的定義    57
2.1    Inquiry相關    57
2.1.1    INQUIRY_FRAME    57
2.1.2    INQUIRY_SCAN_FRAME    58
2.2    Page相關    59
2.2.1    PAGE_FRAME    59
2.2.2    PAGE_SCAN_FRAME    59
2.3    ACL相關    60
2.3.1    MASTER_NEW_CONN_FRAME    60
2.3.2    SLAVE_NEW_CONN_FRAME    61
2.3.3    MASTER_ACL_FRAME    61
2.3.4    SLAVE_ACL_FRAME    62
2.3.5    M2S_TDD_SW_FRAME    62
2.3.6    S2M_TDD_SW_FRAME    63
2.4    SYNC相關    63
2.4.1    MASTER_SCO_FRAME    63
2.4.2    SLAVE_SCO_FRAME    63
2.4.3    MASTER_ESCO_FRAME    64
2.4.4    SLAVE_ESCO_FRAME    64
3    Links與State    64
3.1    Links    64
3.1.1    Inquiry Link    65
3.1.2    Inquiry Scan Link    65
3.1.3    ACL Link    65
3.1.4    SYNC Link    65
3.1.5    Asb Link    65
3.1.6    Psb Link    65
3.2    States    66
3.2.1    Critical States    66
3.2.2    High Priority State    66
3.2.3    Low Priority State    66
4    Low priority states    66
4.1    Link Priority的計算    67
4.2    排程演算法    69
4.3    Adaptive Serving Interval    70
4.4    Concession Mode    71
  實測驗證    73
1    裝置搜索    73
1.1    探索週遭裝置    73
1.2    配對    74
1.3    搜尋服務    75
2    實際測試    76
2.1    建立FTP連線    76
2.2    同時建立FTP及A2DP連線    77
2.3    抗干擾能力分析    78
  結論    82
  參考文獻    84

                                

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