斑馬魚為最重要的模式生物之一。其尾鰭快速再生的特性，使斑馬魚常被應用於骨骼學的研究中。近期對於斑馬魚尾鰭再生的研究，主要聚焦在基因表現、化學訊息傳遞以及形貌上的改變。然而，魚鰭再生中的生物礦化過程，以及礦化過程中組成成分及機械性質的改變，仍然缺乏系統性的研究。
本研究對斑馬魚尾鰭再生過程進行多重尺度的結構、成分及機械性質分析。藉著觀察單一鰭條，我們發現在單一鰭條剖面的邊緣有大量膠原蛋白堆積，而鰭條剖面中間區域則多為層狀結構。在成份分析上，我們利用拉曼顯微術與電子微探儀，發現隨著再生時間的增長，魚鰭所含的礦物質隨之增加。而每一個所觀察的再生尾鰭，靠近魚身的近端總是有較高含量的鈣和磷。單一鰭條的觀察則發現，鰭條剖面中間區域的鈣和磷含量較剖面邊緣高。而從靠近魚身的近端到尾鰭遠端，單一鰭條內所含的鈣和磷有下降的趨勢。此外，我們利用奈米壓痕術及掃描探針顯微術進行單一鰭條的機械性質分析，發現單一鰭條的近端擁有高於遠端的彈性折減模數和硬度。而鰭條剖面的中間區域擁有高於剖面邊緣的彈性折減模數和硬度。成分及機械性質分析的結果，使我們能對鰭條的礦化方向進行合理推測。
本研究首創性的進行斑馬魚尾鰭再生過程的微/奈米機械性質分析，期望藉著洞悉再生過程的機械性質變化，我們能對更複雜的生物系統及礦物質相關疾病中的礦化過程有更深的理解。

Zebrafish has been considered as a reliable model organism for biomedical applications. The rapidly regeneration rates of zebrafish caudal fin make the fish an outstanding subject to be studied in terms of osteology. Current researches concerning zebrafish fin regeneration are mainly focused on gene expression, signal pathway and morphologic changes during the processes. However, the mineralization process in regeneration, especially in mechanical and compositional aspects, has not been comprehensively investigated.
In this study, we evaluated zebrafish caudal fin regeneration by multi-scale structural, compositional and mechanical characterizations. We have found high content of collagen fibrils at the edge of the fin ray. Besides, nano-spherical and lamellar structures were discovered at the center of the ray. For compositional analysis, confocal Raman microscopy and X-ray electron probe microanalysis were utilized. The results pointed out that the mineral content of regenerated fish fins gradually increased with regeneration time. In each fin, the proximal and the two bi-lobed edges of the fin possessed higher mineral content compared with distal and central regions. In terms of the single ray, the central and proximal areas of the ray possessed higher mineral content than distal and edge areas of the ray. Additionally, we applied nanoindentation and AFM-QNM techniques to detect the micro/nano-mechanical properties of the fish single ray. The result showed decline in reduced elastic modulus and hardness from the proximal to the distal regions of the single ray and the center of ray was harder than the edge of ray. The result matched well with the compositional analysis and indicated the mineralization directionality of the ray.
This is the first study to assess micro/nano-mechanical investigations on zebrafish fin regeneration processes. We expect that by understanding the mechanical aspect of regenerative growth in zebrafish, the mineralization process of even more complex bio-system and mineral-related diseases can be further perceived.

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