中文摘要
有鑑於研究者本身在大學諮商中心的諮商實習經驗，以及關係攻擊領域缺乏對大學生受害者議題的探討，本研究係探討六位受訪大學生在關係攻擊的受害經驗為何、對其生命意義的影響，以及關係攻擊的受害經驗在大學生發展階段上的共通之處。
本研究為質性研究，採現象學取向，以深度訪談法為主要收集資料的方法，以「現象學分析」為資料整理與分析的方法。研究主要發現如下：
一、 關係攻擊經驗可分成「關係攻擊的發生」、「感受」、「評估」、「對關係攻擊的應對策略」、「被關係攻擊的結束」，及「被關係攻擊經驗的獲得」等面向：關係攻擊是藉由攻擊事件的發生而展開，會被攻擊的原因大多是由於誤會，被攻擊的行為有冷嘲熱諷、減少社交參與機會、講閒話、惡整及波及旁人五個類別。受害者遭受關係攻擊時的感受包括：驚訝疑惑、受傷無力、生氣無奈及擔心害怕四類。受害者在遭受關係攻擊的過程中，其評估的內涵包括：會去尋找被攻擊的原因、認為都是自己的問題、認為中心人物需要負責及發現其他人是人云亦云。對關係攻擊的應對策略，包括：「以情緒為中心」的因應與「以問題為中心」的因應。被關係攻擊的結束，包括：讓自己脫離情境，以及心理的平衡與接受。至於受訪者從被關係攻擊經驗的收穫，則包括對自己的改變與學習到人際關係的應對規則。
二、 被關係攻擊經驗隨著個人評估的方式，對大學生生命呈現出三種不同的生命意義--「形成內心陰影」、「把對人感情放淡」及「找到自己」。
三、 被關係攻擊經驗在大學生發展上的共通之處：
就大學生而言，攻擊形式變得更為隱微，因為發展成熟及先前經驗的累積，受害者得以將這些人際挫折，轉化為自己成長的養分；此外，能否度過被關係攻擊的危機，也關係著受害者是否能順利發展自我的認同，否則，可能會陷入不斷的自我懷疑中。
本研究針對主要發現加以討論，並針對未來研究、諮商實務工作者及中小學老師提出建議。

Abstract
Based on the researcher’s counseling experiences during internship and due to a lack of research on college students’ relational aggression, this study interviewed 6 college students who had been victimized in relational aggression, to understand their victimized experiences, the effect on the meaning of their lives, and to examine the common experiences in the developmental stage of college students.
This qualitative study adopted phenomenological approach, used in-depth interview to collect data, and used“phenomenological analysis” to summarize and analyze data. There were totally 6 participants. The main findings of the study were as follows:
Experiences of relational aggression were categorized as the occurrence of relational aggression, feeling, evaluation, coping strategy, the results, and learning from the experience of relational aggression. Relational aggression was usually started as an accident; the cause of aggression was mostly a misunderstanding; behaviors of aggression included sarcasm, social isolation, gossiping, giving people a hard time and involving others. Victims’ feelings after relational aggression included: surprise, doubt, hurt, lack of power, anger, helplessness, worry and fear. During the relational aggression process, the victims looked for reasons for aggression, attributed themselves to cause those aggressions, thought that the key person needed to be responsible, and realized that others were just followers. The coping strategies of relational aggression included: emotion-focused strategy and the problem-centered strategy.” The results of relational aggression included: separated themselves from the situation and found psychological balance and acceptance. Those victims learned from the experience of self-change and learned the rules and patterns of interpersonal relationship.
The experiences of relational aggression had 3 kinds of meaning of life: It becomes a shadow in their mind, they learn to isolate themselves from the interpersonal relationship, and they may find the true self along the process.
The common experiences shared by those victimized college students included that the aggression style became more subtle in college stage, the accumulation of past experiences enabled victims to transform these interpersonal frustrations into the nutrition of growth. Besides, the relational aggression experiences can be a risk or a turning point for them to build their self-identity or have self-doubt. The discussion and implication were addressed.

參考文獻
中文部分
王仕圖、吳慧敏（2005）。深度訪談與案例演練。齊力、林本炫編：質性研究方法與資料分析（第5章，頁97-116）。嘉義：南華大學教育社會學研究所。
王孜甯（2007）。「情境式關係攻擊量表」的發展—成年初顯期之關係攻擊。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系碩士論文。（未出版）
余年梅（2006）。幼兒氣質對其關係攻擊行為之影響。國立臺灣師範大學人類發展與家庭學系碩士論文。（未出版）
林君徽（2006)。國小高年級學童間接攻擊與自我概念之探究。國立臺灣師範大學人類發展與家庭學系碩士論文。（未出版）
林淑菁（2004）。國小高年級學生的關係性攻擊及外顯性攻擊與其友誼關係之研究。臺中師範學院諮商與教育心理研究所碩士論文。（未出版）
高淑清（2000）。現象學方法及其在教育研究上的應用。教育研究所主編，質的研究方法（頁93-134）。高雄：麗文。
高淑清（2002）。教育研究（二）質性教育研究。楊國賜主編，新世紀的教育學概論--科技整合導向（頁517-576）。台北：學富。
張素秋(2007)。國小學童同儕關係與攻擊行為之相關研究。國立臺中教育大學諮商與應用心理學系碩士班碩士論文。
張雪梅（1996）。學生發展：學生事務工作的理論與實踐。臺北市：張老師。
莊季靜（2006）。國中學生同儕攻擊者之社會訊息處理歷程研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系碩士論文。（未出版）
陳昌文、鍾玉英、奉春梅、周瑾、顏炯（2004）。社會心理學。台北縣：新文京開發。
陳香婷（2001）。藉由助人產生超個人經驗之研究—以一位慈濟人為例[電子檔]。台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士班碩士論文。（未出版）https://etds.ncl.edu.tw/theabs/service/detail_result.jsp
萬文隆（2004）。深度訪談在質性研究中的應用。生活科技教育，37(4)，17-23。
劉仲東（1996）。量與質社會研究的爭議及社會研究未來的走向及出路。胡幼慧主編：質性研究：理論、方法及本土女性研究實例（第6章，頁121-139）。台北市：巨流。
蔡慧苓（2005）。國小兒童關係性攻擊/受害行為與生活適應之相關研究。國立新竹教育大學輔導教學碩士班碩士論文。（未出版）
鄭明芳（2004）。幼兒關係型攻擊行為之研究。國立花蓮師範學院幼兒教育學系碩士班碩士論文。（未出版）
藍珮君（2005)。國中女生關係攻擊行為及意圖歸因、友誼品質、自我概念之相關研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系碩士論文。（未出版）
英文部分
Archer, J., & Coyne, S. (2005). An integrated review of indirect, relational, and social aggression. Personality & Social Psychology Review, 9(3), 212-230. Retrieved July 10, 2008, doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0903_2
Bagner, D. M., Storch, E. A., & Preston, A. S. (2007). Romantic relational aggression: What about gender? Journal of Family Violence, 22(1), 19-24.
Baldry, A. C. (2004). The impact of direct and indirect bullying on the mental and physical health of Italian youngsters. Aggressive Behavior, 30, 343–355.
Basow, S. A., Cahill, K. F., Phelan, J. E., Longshore, K., & McGillicuddy-DeLisi, A. (2007). Perceptions of relational and physical aggression among college students: Effects of gender of perpetrator, target, and perceiver. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 31, 85-95.
Björkqvist, K. (1994). Sex differences in physical, verbal, and indirect aggression: A review of recent research. Sex Roles, 30(3/4), 177-188. Retrieved July 10, 2008, from Academic Search Premier database.
Björkqvist, K. (2001). Different names, same issue. Social Development, 10(2), 272-274. Retrieved July 18, 2008, from Academic Search Premier database.
Björkqvist, K., Lagerspetz, K., & Kaukiainen, A. (1992). Do girls manipulate and boys fight? Aggressive Behavior, 18(2), 117-127. Retrieved July 10, 2008, from Academic Search Premier database.
Bonica, C., Arnold, D., Fisher, P., Zeljo, A., & Yershova, K. (2003). Relational aggression, relational victimization, and language development in preschoolers. Social Development, 12(4), 551-562. Retrieved July 20, 2008, oi:10.1111/1467-9507.00248
Buss, A. H. (1961). The Psychology of Aggression. New York: Wiley.
Buss, A. H., & Durkee, A. (1957). An inventory for assessing different kinds of hostility. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 21, 343-349.引自Björkqvist, K. (1994). Sex differences in physical, verbal, and indirect aggression: A review of recent research. Sex Roles, 30(3/4), 177-188. Retrieved July 10, 2008, from Academic Search Premier database.
Cairns, R. B ., Cairns, B. D., Neckerman, H. J., Ferguson, L. L., & Gariépy, J. L. (1989). Growth and aggression: 1. childhood to early adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 25, 320-330.
Campbell, J., & Frabutt, J. (1999, April 1). Familial Antecedents of Children's Overt and Relational Aggression. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED430705) Retrieved July 5, 2008, from ERIC database.
Cappella, E., & Weinstein, R. (2006). The prevention of social aggression among girls. Social Development, 15(3), 434-462. Retrieved July 20, 2008, doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.2006.00350.x
Carpenter, E., & Nangle, D. (2006). Caught between stages: Relational aggression emerging as a developmental advance in at-risk preschoolers. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 21(2), Retrieved July 20, 2008, from ERIC database.
Crain, M., Finch, C., & Foster, S. (2005). The relevance of the social information processing model for understanding relational aggression in girls. Merrill Palmer Quarterly Journal of Developmental Psychology, 51(2), 213. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. EJ717851) Retrieved July 20, 2008, from ERIC database.
Crick, N. R., & Grotpeter J. K. (1995). Relational aggression, gender, and social-psychological adjustment. Child Development, 66, 710-722.
Crick, N. R., (1996). The Role of Overt Aggression, Relational Aggression, and Prosocial Behavior in the Prediction of Children's Future Social Adjustment. Child Development, 67, 2317-232.
Crick, N. R., Bigbee, M. A., & Howes, C. H. (1996). Gender Differences in Children's Normative Beliefs about Aggression: How Do I Hurt Thee? Let Me Count the Ways. Child Development, 67, 1003-1014.
Crick, N. R., Casas, J. F., & Mosher, M. (1997). Relational and Overt Aggression in Preschool. Developmental Psychology, 33(4), 579-588.
Crick, N., & Dodge, K. (1994). A review and reformulation of social information-processing mechanisms in children's social adjustment. Psychological Bulletin, 115(1), 74-101.
Crick, N., & Dodge, K. (1996). Social Information-Processing Mechanisms in Reactive and Proactive Aggression. Child Development, 67(3), 993-1002.
Crick, N., Grotpeter, J., & Bigbee, M. (2002). Relationally and Physically Aggressive Children’s Intent Attributions and Feelings of Distress for Relational and Instrumental Peer Provocations. Child Development, 73(4), 1134-1142.
Crick, N., Ostrov, J., & Werner, N. (2006). A longitudinal study of relational aggression, physical aggression, and children's social–psychological adjustment. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 34(2), 127-138. Retrieved July 20, 2008, doi:10.1007/s10802-005-9009-4
Dahlberg, K., & Drew, N. (1997). A lifeworld paradigm for nursing research. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 15(3), 303-317.
Dellasega, C., & Adamshick, P. (2005). Evaluation of a program designed to reduce relational aggression in middle school girls. Journal of School Violence, 4(3), 63-76. Retrieved July 20, 2008, doi:10.1300/J202v04n03_06
Forrest, S., Eatough, V., & Shevlin, M. (2005). Measuring adult indirect aggression: The development and psychometric assessment of the indirect aggression scales. Aggressive Behavior, 31, 84–97.
French, D., Jansen, E., & Pidada, S. (2002). United States and Indonesian children’s and adolescents’ reports of relational aggression by disliked peers. Child Development, 73(4), 1143-1150. Retrieved July 10, 2008, from Academic Search Premier database.
Gadamer, H. G. (1989). Truth and Method. (J. Weinsheimer & D. Marshall, Trans.)(2nd Ed. ). New York: Continuum. (Original work published 1960).
Galen, B., & Underwood, M. (1997). A developmental investigation of social aggression among children. Developmental Psychology, 33(4), 589-600.
Graham, S., & Juvonen, J. (1998). Self-Blame and Peer Victimization in Middle School:An Attributional Analysis. Developmental Psychology, 34(3), 587-599.
Greenwood, D. N. (2007). Are female action heroes risky role models? Character identification, idealization, and viewer aggression. Sex Roles, 57, 725–732.
Gregoski, M., Malone, W. A., & Richardson, D. S. (2005). Measuring direct and indirect aggression: Is there a response bias? Psychological Reports, 97(2), 563-566.
Grotpeter, J. K., & Crick, N. R. (1996). Relational Aggression, Overt Aggression, and Friendship. Child Development, 67 ,2328-2338.
Hultgren, F. H. (1989). Introduction to interpretive inquiry. In F. H. Hultgen & D. L. Coomer (Eds.). Alternative modes of inquiry in home economics research. (pp. 37-59). Washington, DC: American Home Economics Association, Teacher Education Section, 引自高淑清（2000）。現象學方法及其在教育研究上的應用。在教育研究所主編，質的研究方法（頁93-134）。高雄：麗文文化。
Hycner, R. H. (1985) Some guidelines for the phenomenological analysis of interview data. Human Studies, 8.
Jordan, C. E. M. (2007). Impact of attachment to parents on parent-adolescent relationships, self-esteem, and relational aggression [Abstract]. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Arizona State University, Arizona. Retrieved from ProQuest.
Kaukiainen, A., Björkqvist, K., Lagerspetz, K., Österman, K., Salmivalli, C., Rothberg, S., et al. (1999). The relationships between social intelligence, empathy, and three types of aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 25(2), 81-89. Retrieved July 10, 2008, from Academic Search Premier database.
Keenan, K., Coyne, C., & Lahey, B. (2008). Should relational aggression be included in DSM-V? Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(1), 86-93. Retrieved July 20, 2008, doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e31815a56b8
Kleinke, C. L., (1998)。跨越生活危機：健康心理管理（Coping with Life Challenges）（曾華源與郭靜晃譯)。台北市：揚智文化。（原作1998出版）
Klem, J. (2008). The impact of indirect aggression on college student adjustment [Abstract]. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Auburn University, Alabama. Retrieved from ProQuest.
Lagerspetz, K.J., Bjökqvist, K., & Peltonen, T. (1988). Is indirect aggression typical of females? Aggressive Behavior, 14(6), 403-414. Retrieved July 10, 2008, from Academic Search Premier database.
Lento-Zwolinski, J. (2007). College students' self-report of psychosocial factors in reactive forms of relational and physical aggression. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 24(3), 407-421.
Lincoln, Y. S. (1995).. Emerging criteria for quality in qualitative and interpretive research. Qualitative Inquiry, 1(3), 275-289.
Linder, J. R., Crick, N. R., & Collins, W. A. (2002). Relational aggression and victimization in young adults’ romantic relationships: Associations with perceptions of parent, peer, and romantic relationship quality. Social Development, 11(1), 69-86.
Loudin, J. L., Loukas, A., & Robinson, S. (2003). Relational aggression in college students: Examining the roles of social anxiety and empathy. Aggressive Behavior, 29, 430–439.
Mckay, C. A. (2003). Relational aggression in children. The Camping Magazine, 76(2), 24-29.
Merrell, K., Buchanan, R., & Tran, O. (2006). Relational aggression in children and adolescents: A review with implications for school settings. Psychology in the Schools, 43(3), 345-360. Retrieved July 20, 2008, doi:10.1002/pits.20145
Miller, J. L., & Vaillancourt T. (2007). Relation between childhood peer victimization and adult perfectionism: Are victims of indirect aggression more perfectionistic? Aggressive Behavior, 33, 230–241.
Mullin-Rindler, N. (2003). Relational aggression: A different kind of bullying. Principal, 82(5), 60-61.
Murry-Close, D., Ostrov, J., & Crick, N. (2007). A short-term longitudinal study of growth of relational aggression during middle childhood: Associations with gender, friendship intimacy, and internalizing problems. Development & Psychopathology, 19(1), 187-203. Retrieved July 20, 2008, from Academic Search Premier database.
Ostrov, J. M., Crick, N. R., & Keating, C. F. (2005). Gender-biased perceptions of preschoolers’ behavior: How much is aggression and prosocial behavior in the eye of the beholder? Sex Roles, 52, 393-398.
Owens, L., Shute, R., & Slee, P.(2000). “Guess What I Just Heard!”: Indirect Aggression Among Teenage Girls in Australia. Aggressive Behavior, 26, 67–83.
Palmer. R. (1969). Hermeneutics: Interpretation Theory in Schleiermacher, Dilthey, Heidegger, and Gadamer. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.
Papalia, D. E., Olds, S. W., & Feldman, R. D. (2002).人類發展—成人心理學（Human Development）（張慧芝譯）。台北市：桂冠圖書。（原作2001出版）
Prinstein, M., Boergers, J., & Vernberg, E. (2001). Overt and relational aggression in adolescents: Social-psychological adjustment of aggressors and victims. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30(4), 479-491. Retrieved July 20, 2008, from Academic Search Premier database.
Remillard, A., & Lamb, S. (2005). Adolescent girls' coping with relational aggression. Sex Roles, 53(3/4), 221-229.
Richardson, D. R., & Green, L. R. (1999). Social sanction and threat explanations of gender effects on direct and indirect. Aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 25, 425–434.
Rigby, K., & Slee, p. (1999). Suicidal Ideation Among Adolescent School Children , Involvement in Bully-Victim Problems, and Perceived Social Support. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 29(2), 119-130.
Rivers, I., & Smiths, P. K. (1994). Types of Bullying Behaviour and Their Correlates . Aggressive Behavior, 20, 359-368.
Rys, G. S., & Bear, G. G. (1997). Relational Aggression and Peer Relations: Gender and Developmental Issues. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 43(1), 87-106.
Seidman, I. (1998). Interviewing as Qualitative Research: A Guide for Researchers in Education and the Social Sciences. New York: Teachers College Press, Columbia University.
Shaffer, D. R. (2003)。發展心理學（Developmental psychology: Childhood & adolescence）（林翠湄、黃俊豪等譯）。台北市：學富。（原作1999出版）
Shahim, S. (2008). Sex differences in relational aggression in preschool children in Iran. Psychological Reports, 102(1), 235-238. Retrieved July 20, 2008, doi:10.2466/PRO.1021.235-238
Smith, J. A. (2006)。質性心理學：研究方法的實務指南（Qualitative Psychology）（丁興祥、張慈宜、曾寶瑩等譯）。台北市：遠流。（原作2003出版）
Spence, L. (2003). The dynamics of relationally aggressive girl’s friendships and social networks. Dissertation Abstracts International, 64(5), B2444.引自蔡慧苓（2005）。國小兒童關係性攻擊/受害行為與生活適應之相關研究。國立新竹教育大學輔導教學碩士班碩士論文。（未出版）
Stacey, F., (2006). Aggression and victimization: Risk for development of depression and eating disorders. [Abstract]. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Indiana Pace University, New York. Retrieved from ProQuest.
Storch, E. A., Bagner, D. M., Geffken, G. R., & Baumeister, A. L. (2004). Association between overt and relational aggression and psychosocial adjustment in undergraduate college students. Violence and Victims, 19(6), 689-700.
Tapper, K.,& Boulton, M. J. (2005). Victim and Peer Group Responses to Different Forms of Aggression Among Primary School Children. Aggressive Behavior, 31, 238-253.
Turner, S. A. (2007). Reality television and relational aggression [Abstract]. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania. Retrieved from ProQuest.
Wainrib, B. R. & Bloch, E. L. (2001)。危機介入與創傷反應：理論與實務（Crisis Intervention and trauma response: theory and practice）（黃惠美與李巧雙譯）。台北市：心理。（原作1998出版）
Werner, N. E., & Crick, N. R. (1999). Relational aggression and social-psychological adjustment in a college sample. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108(4), 615-623.
Xie, H., Cairns, R., & Cairns, B. (2002). The development of social aggression and physical aggression: A narrative analysis of interpersonal conflicts. Aggressive Behavior, 28(5), 341-355. Retrieved July 20, 2008, doi:10.1002/ab.80008
Yoon, J. S., Barton, E., & Taiariol, J. (2004). Relational aggression in middle school: Educational implications of developmental research. Journal of Early Adolescence, 24(3), 303-318.
Young, E. L., Boye, A. E., & Nelson, D. A. (2006). Relational aggression: Understanding, identifying, and responding in schools. Psychology in the Schools, 43(3), 297-312.
Young, T. R. (2007). The relationship between appearance schemas, self-esteem, and indirect aggression among college women [Abstract]. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma. Retrieved from ProQuest.