本研究主要在於研製一組適合家庭使用的電能處理系統，包含單相雙向換流器、雙向充/放電器以及太陽能最大功率追蹤器。單相雙向換流器具有市電併聯、整流與UPS功能，輸出採用LCL濾波器，可降低電感體積和流入電網電流高頻諧波成分。雙向充/放電器前級採用諧振轉換器，藉由諧振特性使開關實現軟切換，降低切換損失；後級採用雙向降壓型轉換器，以實現定電流充電模式。太陽能最大功率追蹤器則採用擾動觀察法，以達到最大功率追蹤，提供能量至直流鏈。
本研究之主要貢獻如下：第一點為採用分切合整數位控制法則，將隨電流大小改變的電感值納入考量，以允許寬廣的電感值變化，不僅可提升系統穩定度，也可避免因電感值衰減而造成輸出波形失真。第二點為將換流器、充/放電器以及最大功率追蹤器整合為一太陽光發電與儲能系統，在市電、儲能電池以及太陽能源三種電能供應來源之間做能源配置。不但可在市電斷電時，仍能提供緊急用電來供給交/直流負載，以提高用電效率；尚能在市電恢復正常後，利用零交越點來控制換流器輸出電壓與市電電壓相位和頻率，使其同步運作以防止電子設備損壞。
關鍵字：分切合整數位控制、多功能換流器、充/放電器、最大功率追蹤

An energy control system for smart home is proposed in this research. This system includes a single-phase bi-directional inverter, a bi-directional charger/discharger, and a maximum power point tracker connected to a dc-bus. There are three functions of grid-connection, rectification and UPS inside the single-phase bi-directional inverter. An LCL filter is applied to the output stage to reduce size of inductors and reduce high-frequency harmonics injected into grid. There are two stages in the bi-directional charger/discharger. The first stage is a bi-directional full-bridge LLC resonant converter which can achieve ZVS for reducing switching losses to switching devices. The second stage is a bi-directional buck converter which can control charging/discharging currents. The maximum power point tracker can draw maximum power from PV arrays and inject it to a dc-bus with a perturbation and observation method.
The major contributions of this research are summarized as follows：Firstly, inductance variation is taken into account in the control law of the division-summation (D-Ʃ) digital control. It not only enhances system stability, but also avoids output current waveform distortion. Secondly, an inverter, a charger/discharger and a maximum power point tracker are integrated into a photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system to distribute power among the grid, battery energy pack, and photovoltaic panels. When the utility is in abnormal condition, the integrated system can supply power to ac/dc loads. When the utility is back to normal condition, the system can utilize the zero-crossing detecting mechanism, which controls the phase and frequency of the inverter output voltage to synchronize with the utility grid to avoid equipment damage.
Keywords: D-Σ digital control, multi-function inverter, charger/discharger and maximum power point tracking.

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