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研究生: 吳吉翔
Wu, Gi-Shiang
論文名稱: 輪型機器人之影像對正與實作
Toward the implementation of image registration of a mobile-robot
指導教授: 陳建祥
Chen, Jian-Shiang
口試委員:
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 動力機械工程學系
Department of Power Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年: 2009
畢業學年度: 97
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 67
中文關鍵詞: 影像對正雷射輪型機器人
外文關鍵詞: image registration, laser range finder, wheeled-robot
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  • 本文以嵌入式系統(EBC 320 Embedded System)為平台,以攝影機擷取2D影像,並利用NI控制卡控制伺服馬達搭配雷射尋標器(Laser Range Finder)對環境掃描來重構視覺影像。利用此兩不同設備,將視覺影像與攝影機所擷取的影像進行影像對正(image registration)。
    影像對正主要分為『手動影像對正』與『自動影像對正』,首先是利用MATLAB程式語言將攝影機所擷取的影像圖片和雷射尋標器所掃描的視覺影像進行手動影像對正並做小波影像融合,目的是驗證影像對正是否可行,接著,在視窗程式開發環境下,進行自動化對正探討。利用了自動化影像對正的方法和定義視區範圍來當作輪型機器人閃避障礙物的依據。因此,實作輪型機器人穿越不同狹縫寬度障礙物與不同高度障礙物之測試。


    In this thesis, an embedded system (EBC 320 Embedded System) as a platform to capture 2D camera image, and take advantage of NI control card to control servo motor with a laser range finder to scan the environment for reconstruction of visual image. Using the two different devices, visual images and images captured by camera for image registration.

    The image registration is carried out with manual and automated image registration. The first is the use of MATLAB programming language, with image captured by camera and visual image scanned by laser range finder to carry out image registration manually and image fusion with wavelet transformation, the purpose is to verify the feasibility of image registration, and then, in the window program development environment for automated image registration to explore. On the basis of use of automated image registration and definitions as the visual area for wheel-robot is to avoid obstacles. These are tests for wheel-robot through obstacles in different width of slit and different heights to further validate its efficiency.

    第一章 緒論 1 1-1研究背景與動機 1 1-2文獻回顧[12] 2 1-3本文架構 5 第二章 系統概述 6 2-1 緒論 6 2-2立體重構計算方法 6 2-3 透視投射法(Perspective Projection)[18] 7 2-4 座標轉換 9 2-5 影像預處理 10 2-5-1 Opening操作[4] 11 2-5-2 影像灰階處理 12 2-5-3 平滑化[4] 12 2-5-4 Laplacian邊緣化[4] 13 2-5-5 二值化 13 2-6 Harris角點偵測[2] 14 2-7 影像對正方法[3] 18 2-8 Alpha Channel Theory[1] 21 2-9 小波影像融合原理與應用[4] 24 2-10 PSNR鑑定去噪效果[5] 25 第三章 實驗系統架構 27 3-1 硬體架構 27 3-1-1 Embedded System之硬體設備[6] 28 3-1-2 輪型機器人硬體架構[14] 29 3-1-3 攝影機模組硬體架構 30 3-1-4 雷射尋標器之硬體架構 31 3-1-5 雷射抓取距離值[7] 32 3-1-6 NI控制卡(National Instrument) USB-6008 36 3-1-7 數位無刷伺服馬達[17] 36 3-2 軟體架構 38 3-2-1 攝影機模組軟體介面 38 3-2-2 輪型機器人控制系統架構 38 第四章 實驗結果與討論 41 4-1 雷射抓值測試 41 4-2 伺服馬達控制測試 43 4-3 雷射尋標器掃描之三維重構 44 4-4 基於小波之手動式影像對正與融合 46 4-5 利用小波處理影像增強 49 4-6 自動化對正結果 50 4-7 視覺影像之透視投射測試 50 4-8 影像對正上色實驗 52 4-9 輪型機器人旋轉角度之測試 53 4-10 不同狹縫寬度障礙物之測試 57 4-11 不同高度障礙物之測試 58 4-12 結論 61 第五章 本文貢獻與未來發展之建議 62 5-1 本文貢獻 62 5-2 未來發展之建議 63 參考文獻 64 APPENDIX 66

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