本論文所探討之研究用核子反應器為北京清華大學於1992年著手設計、2000年完工，並於該年年底達成第一次臨界之10MW測試用高溫氣冷式反應器 ( 10MW High-Temperature-Gas-Cooled Test Reactor，簡稱HTR-10 )，使用的模擬程式為MCNP5 v1.51與SCALE6。本研究首先根據IAEA第1382號技術報告中的四個驗證計算( Benchmark )問題進行重複並延伸的計算，經過比較，本論文的計算結果與各國的計算結果相當相近。
本論文亦使用MCNP5改變HTR-10的燃料設計並探討其變化與原因，結果顯示，HTR-10為一過緩速( over-moderation )設計的核子反應器，若改變其燃料設計為緩速不足( under-moderation )，則反應器的中子能譜會變成快中子能譜。
基於HTR-10雙重的非均質( Double Heterogeneity )特性，會使得在模擬計算上非常的麻煩以及耗費時間，故本文亦針對爐心均質化計算( Homogenization Calculation )對於中子特性的影響進行探討，模擬的模型共分為五個：(1)未做任何均質化 (2)把TRISO粒子均質化，包括其所有包覆層 (3)把燃料球直徑5公分之燃料區均質化，但保留0.5公分的石墨殼層 (4)把6公分的燃料球全部均質化，包括0.5公分的石墨殼層 (5)把整個爐心均質化。其中後四者為均質化模型。由結果可知，三個不同程度的均質化模型所計算出來的k值與未均質化的模型相比，其差異均在3%以下，且中子能譜與平均能量相近。
此外，本研究使用SCALE6平台中的TRITON序列對HTR-10進行燃耗計算。計算結果顯示，若不考慮燃耗限值與流動，則非均質化的HTR-10爐心可以燃耗約8.62年不更換燃料。

This study performed an investigation of neutronics simulation and analysis of core characteristic on HTR-10. HTR-10 is a pebble bed High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor, so called HTGCR. The HTR-10 was built by China and completed the first experiment of criticality in 2000. The following simulations are based on the IAEA-1382 technical report released in 2003. All the benchmark problems in this report are repeated and the results of our simulations are similar to the literature’s results.
By changing the fuel design of HTR-10, it can be figured out that HTR-10 was designed as an “over-moderation” type reactor. The neutron spectrum can become hotter when the fuel design was changed into “under-moderation”.
Five homogenized models are also performed to investigate the model simplification effect on the double heterogeneity of HTR-10 core in this study. They are: (1) heterogeneous model (2) homogenized TRISO particles (3) homogenized fuel zone of fuel ball (4) homogenized fuel ball (5) homogenized whole core, respectively. The results revealed that the multiplication factor decreased as more regions are homogenized. And the largest difference of multiplication factor between each model is roughly 3%. The neutron spectra of each model are similar comparing with each others.
Burnup calculation using TRITON sequence of SCALE6 is also performed in this study. Apart from the limitation of burnup and online-refueling, the operation period of HTR-10 is roughly 8.62 years without changing fuel.

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