薑科(Zingiberaceae)孔雀薑屬(Kaempferia)植物分布於印度、中國(雲南)及東南亞等地，以泰國為主要分布區域。根據統計，目前約有30個物種被命名，當中並未包含於2008年至2011年間所發表的8個新物種，尚有約20個物種尚未被命名及發表。Kaempferia屬內有詳盡形態描述之記錄的僅有25個物種。本次研究針對Kaempferia屬，分為兩個部分：第一部分為形態特徵之分類研究，將12個已知，7個未知物種及1個栽培種作了詳細之形態特徵描述。同時也將當中9個已知，4個未知物種及1個栽培種進行花部構造之解剖。最後依據各個物種之形態特徵建立分類檢索表。第二部分則是分子譜系系統分類學研究，以2種葉綠體分子標記：matK局部序列及psbA-trnH intergenic spacer之局部序列進行PCR擴增並定序。再進行最大簡約法、鄰近相接法及最大似然法做譜系關係之分析。最後結合兩部分之研究成果，以期建立Kaempferia屬內之親緣關係與了解演化歷程。結果顯示兩種葉綠體標記分析結果雖有些許差異，但大部分所得之分類群仍相似，並與形態特徵呈一致性之結果。具有由葉鞘抽長之倒鐘狀花序的K. elegans與K. parviflora互為姊妹群；在形態特徵分類上較難辨別之K. marginata、K. galanga與K. laotica在分子譜系中也呈未解，序列上出現多處變異。形態本身變異最大之K. elegans在DNA序列上也出現不少差異。特徵形態上無變異之K. roscoeana在psbA-trnH之局部序列PCR擴增時呈現兩種序列變異，一為長794bp之序列，另一個DNA序列長度只有383bp，在整段序列的中間部分完全缺失。

The genus Kaempferia L. (Zingiberaceae) distributes in India, China (Yunnan), and South East Asia. Thailand has the highest species diversity. There were about 30 named species, but not included eight new species published between 2008 and 2011. However, about 20 species were unnamed and unpublished. The study includes two parts, classification based on morphological characters and molecular phylogenic analysis. We investigated morphology of 12 identified, 7 unidentified and one cultivated species, and floral anatomy of 9 identified, 4 unidentified species and one cultivated species, to establish a more complete taxonomy. On the other hand, we use two chloroplast DNA markers, psbA – trnH intergenic spacer and matK partial sequence, to make phylogenic analyses.The results showed that two different chloroplast DNA markers made similar pattern and are consistened with the taxonomy based on morphology. K.elegans and K. parviflora had the cyathus inflorescence elongating from leaf-sheath were classified as sister group. The relationships between K.marginata, K. galanga and K. laotica were still unclear. K. elegans had larger variation in nucleotide sequence and morphology. Although had no variation on morphology, K. roscoeana had two sequential variations on psbA-trnH.

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