FGF1B啟動子之活化及FGF1訊息傳遞於心臟生成分化過程所扮演的角色

簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

回結果列表

研究生：	林宏諭 Lin, Hung-Yu
論文名稱：	FGF1B啟動子之活化及FGF1訊息傳遞於心臟生成分化過程所扮演的角色 FGF1B Promoter Activation and FGF1 Signaling in Cardiogenesis
指導教授：	邱英明 Chiu, Ing-Ming 汪宏達 Wang, Horng-Dar
口試委員:	喻秋華紀雅惠許益超
學位類別：	博士 Doctor
系所名稱：	生命科學暨醫學院 - 生物科技研究所 Biotechnology
論文出版年：	2016
畢業學年度：	104
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	94
中文關鍵詞：	FGF1B啟動子, FGF1, 心臟生成
外文關鍵詞：	FGF1B, FGF1, cardiogenesis
相關次數：	點閱：3 下載：0
分享至:	分享至facebook 分享至twitter

查詢本校圖書館目錄查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統勘誤回報

中文摘要
　　心血管疾病，於廿一世紀人類十大死因排行榜上，排名第一位。對於治療心血管疾病，心臟移植治療長久以來都被視為是可行的療法，但是，適宜的捐贈者來源太過於稀少，而無法用以廣泛的醫治病患；因此，細胞移植療法被視作一種替代心臟移植治療的可行性方案，而被廣泛的研究。故，能促進心臟生成的基因或因子，也會被認定為有潛能用以治療心血管疾病。FGF1，於先前的文獻報導中，已被發現在心肌梗塞實驗狀態下，能促進心肌再生；然而，FGF1如何誘導心肌再生的詳細機制，仍不知曉。在這篇研究中，我們利用化學藥物誘導老鼠胚胎幹細胞進行細胞分化，建立了體外心臟生成分化的模式；用以研究FGF1及其調控因子們，在心臟生成的狀態下所扮演的功能角色。催產激素，除了是一耳熟能詳的賀爾蒙，更是一個可靠的體外誘導心臟生成分化之化學物品；藉由其誘導，我們成功的在老鼠胚胎幹細胞株E14Tg2a上建立體外心臟生成分化模式。藉由心臟生成分化步驟，於分化後期(分化第八至十四天)可以觀察到自律性跳動的心肌細胞簇；於此同時，FGF1的調控因子，FGF1B啟動子，其信使核醣核酸表現量亦會大幅度地上升。引人注目的是，FGF1B啟動子在心臟生成分化時期的信使核醣核酸表現量圖形和成熟心肌之特徵基因，心肌肌鈣蛋白T的信使核醣核酸表現量圖形相仿。抑制FGF1及FGFR的訊息傳遞，則是會造成自律性跳動的心肌細胞簇的減少，也會導致成熟心肌分化所需相關基因的信使核醣核酸表現量下降。此外，藉由篩選FGF1的下游訊息傳遞鏈，我們發現到，控制自律性跳動的心肌細胞簇之形成，主要是透過FGF1-FGFR-PKC的訊息傳遞來調控。整合以上發現，我們的研究提供了證據，支持FGF1確實可調控心臟生成的分化過程；並且，FGF1主要藉由FGF1-FGFR-PKC此訊息傳遞鏈來協調心臟生成分化過程，而非透過FGF1-FGFR-MAPK此另一訊息傳遞鏈來調控。

Abstract
　　Heart disease is the leading cause of human death in the 21st century. Heart transplantation is a promising way to treat this. Because donor resources are limited, cell-based therapy has been developed as an alternative. Therefore, genes that trigger cardiogenesis could have potential in the treatment of heart disease. FGF1 is reported to stimulate cardiomyocyte proliferation under conditions of myocardial infarction; but little is known about its function during cardiac differentiation. In this study, we established an in vitro cardiogenesis model through a reliable chemical induction protocol to determine whether FGF1 and its gene expression are involved in cardiogenesis. Oxytocin, a well-known hormone but also a cardiac differentiation inducer, was used in a mouse embryonic stem cell line E14Tg2a to achieve cardiac differentiation. After differentiation, beating cell clusters appeared and the expression of FGF1B mRNA was upregulated in the late differentiation stage (differentiation days 8–14). Interestingly, FGF1B expression patterns during cardiac differentiation were similar to those of a mature cardiomyocyte marker, troponin T2, cardiac. The blockage of FGF1-FGFR signaling reduced not only the appearance of beating cluster formation but also the expression levels of cardiomyocyte-associated genes. Moreover, by investigating FGF1 downstream signaling cascades, we observed that the efficiency of beating cluster formation was mainly regulated via the FGF1-FGFR-PKC signaling axis. Taken together, we provide evidence to support that FGF1 could regulate cardiogenesis primarily through the PKC signaling, but not through the MAPK signaling pathway.

Table of contents

中文摘要    ⅰ

英文摘要    ⅲ

致謝    ⅳ

List of Abbreviations    ⅴ

I: Introduction     1
　　1.1 Cardiovascular disease    1
　　　　1.1.1 Cardiovascular disease in worldwide and in Taiwan    1
　　　　1.1.2 Cardiac disease therapies    1

　　1.2 Heart regeneration     2
　　　　1.2.1 Heart regeneration in amphibian and zebrafish    2　　　　　　　                                                                  
　　　　1.2.2 Heart regeneration in mammals    4

　　1.3 Stem cells and cell therapy in heart    5
　　　　1.3.1 Cardiac stem/progenitor cells in heart     5
　　　　1.3.2 In vitro induction of cardiogenesis using embryonic stem cells    6
　　　　1.3.3 Stem/progenitor cells in cardiovascular disease therapies    7

　　1.4 Fibroblast growth factors    10
　　　　1.4.1 Members of fibroblast growth factor family    10
　　　　1.4.2 Fibroblast growth factor signaling pathways    11
　　　　1.4.3 Fibroblast growth factor 1    11
　　　　1.4.4 Fibroblast growth factors in cardiogenesis    12

　　1.5 The aims of this study    14
                                                                                                                                                                                 
II: Materials and Methods     15
　　2.1 Zebrafish    15
　　　　2.1.1 Zebrafish husbandry and embryo microinjection    15
　　　　2.1.2 Zebrafish heart cell culture and transfection of human FGF1B-540-GFP 
　　　　　     plasmid DNA    15

　　2.2 Mouse    16
　　　　2.2.1 Culture of mouse heart primary cells and transfection of human FGF1B
　　　　　　 -540-GFP plasmid DNA    16
　　　　2.2.2 Culture of mouse embryonic stem cells    17
　　　　2.2.3 In vitro cardiac differentiation    17
　　　　2.2.4 RNA preparation, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, 
　　　　　　 and real-time polymerase chain reaction    18
　　　　2.2.5 Immunostaining, Western blotting and fluorescence activated cell sorting
　　　　         (FACS)    19
　　　　2.2.6 Blockage of FGF1 and its downstream signaling cascades     21
　　2.3 Statistical analyses    22
　　　　                                                                                                                   
III: Results    23
　　3.1 Cardiogenesis in zebrafish    23
　　　　3.1.1 Human FGF1B-540-GFP plasmid DNA could be expressed in zebrafish 
                         heart region in vivo    23
　　　　3.1.2 Human FGF1B-540-GFP plasmid DNA was expressed in zebrafish heart 
                         cells after electroporation    23
　　　　3.1.3 The FGF1 amino acid sequence homology data revealed Zebrafish is not 
　　　　　     an appropriate model to investigate the function of FGF1 in cardiogenesis    24
　　　　
　　3.2 Cardiogenesis in mouse    25
　　　　3.2.1 Human FGF1B-540-GFP could be activated in cultured mouse heart cells    25
　　　　3.2.2 Oxytocin treatment of mouse ES cells resulted in cardiac differentiation    26
　　　　3.2.3 Immunostaining analysis, Western blotting and FACS revealed terminal 
　　　　　     cardiac differentiation    27
　　　　3.2.4 FGF1B mRNA levels increased during cardiac differentiation    28
　　　　3.2.5 Blockage of FGF1 signaling decreased the efficiency of beating cluster 　
　　　　　     formation and reduced the expression levels of cardiomyocyte marker 
　　　　　　 genes    29
　　　　3.2.6 FGFR inhibitor reduced the efficiency of beating cluster formation and the 　
　　　　　     mRNA levels of cardiomyocyte marker genes, and the reduction was rescued 
　　　　　     by PMA    30
　　　　3.2.7 Protein kinase C was the main regulator downstream of FGF1-FGFR 
　　　　　     to mediate beating cluster formation    31

IV: Discussion     33
　　4.1 The function of FGF1B promoter could be conserved in human and in zebrafish     33
　　4.2 The link between oxytocin and FGF signaling    34
　　4.3 The FGF1A mRNA expression levels maintain in consistent levels during cardiac 
              differentiation    34
　　4.4 The possible role of FGF1A in cardiogenesis    35
　　4.5 FGF1 could stimulate angiogenesis and cardiomyogenesis    36
　　4.6 Downstream of FGF1 mainly through FGFR-PKC signaling regulates cardiogenesis    36
　　4.7 FGF1 signaling pathways enhances cardiogenesis    37
　　4.8 Multiple signaling pathways downstream of FGF1 could regulate cardiogenesis
　　　  in the same differentiation stage    39
　　4.9 FGF1B transgenic mice could help to elucidate the cell resource responsible 
　　　  for cardiac regeneration    40
　　4.10 The FGF1B positive and negative cells may have different functions in
　　　    cardiogenesis    40
　　4.11 Recent breakthrough investigations on cardiac regeneration    41
　　4.12 Basic researches combined new biomaterials give promising ways for exploring 
                therapies for cardiovascular diseases    42

V: Conclusion    44

List of Figures and Figure Legends
VI: Figures and Figure Legends    45
　　6.1 FIG. 1. Human FGF1B-540-GFP plasmid DNA could express in zebrafish 
　　      heart region in vivo.    45
　　6.2 FIG. 2. Human FGF1B-540-GFP plasmid DNA expressed in zebrafish heart cells 
   　　   after electroporation.    47
　　6.3 FIG. 3. Amino acid sequence alignment of FGF1 and FGF1-like proteins among 　　
　　　  different species.    49
　　6.4 FIG. 4. Amino acid sequence alignment of FGF2 proteins among different species.    51
　　6.5 FIG. 5. Human FGF1B-540-GFP could be activated in cultured mouse heart cells.    53
　　6.6 FIG. 6. Oxytocin treatment of mouse ES cells resulted in cardiac differentiation.    55
　　6.7 FIG. 7. Immunostaining analysis, Western blotting and FACS revealed terminal 
　　　  cardiac differentiation.    57
　　6.8 FIG. 8. FGF1B mRNA levels increased during cardiac differentiation.    59
　　6.9 FIG. 9. Blockage of FGF1 signaling decreased the efficiency of beating cluster 
　　　  formation and reduced the expression levels of cardiomyocyte marker genes.    61
　　6.10 FIG. 10. FGFR inhibitor reduced the efficiency of beating cluster formation 
　　　　and the mRNA levels of cardiomyocyte marker genes, and the reduction was 
                rescued by PMA.    63
　　6.11 FIG. 11. Protein kinase C was the main regulator downstream of FGF1-FGFR 
　　　　to mediate beating cluster formation.    65
　　6.12 FIG. 12. Administration of FGF1 related inhibitors blocked FGF1 signaling.    67
　　6.13 FIG. 13. Treatments with FGF1 related inhibitors did not cause apparent toxic 
　　　　effects on cells.    69
　　6.14 FIG. 14. FGF1-FGFR-PKC signaling axis regulates beating cluster formation 
　　　　and cardiomyocyte differentiation in the late differentiation stage.    71
　　
List of Tables
VII: Tables    73
　　7.1 Table1: Comparison of the percent identities at the amino acid level among FGF1 
　　　  and FGF1-like proteins from different species    73
　　7.2 Table2: Comparison of the percent identities at the amino acid level of the three 
　　　  coding exons between human FGF1 and each of the two zebrafish FGF1-like 
　　　  proteins    74
　　7.3 Table3: Comparison of the percent identities at the amino acid level among FGF2 
　　　  from different species    75

List of Movies
VIII: Movies    76
　　8.1 Movie1. PMA rescues SU5402 caused beating cell cluster formation lost effect    76
　　8.2 Movie2. PMA rescues STA caused beating cell cluster formation lost effect    77

IX: References    78                                                                                                                                    

X: List of Publications    94
                                

IX: References
Ahmed, R.P., Ashraf, M., Buccini, S., Shujia, J., and Haider, H. (2011). Cardiac tumorigenic potential of induced pluripotent stem cells in an immunocompetent host with myocardial infarction. Regenerative medicine 6, 171-178.
Alam, K.Y., Frostholm, A., Hackshaw, K.V., Evans, J.E., Rotter, A., and Chiu, I.M. (1996). Characterization of the 1B promoter of fibroblast growth factor 1 and its expression in the adult and developing mouse brain. The Journal of biological chemistry 271, 30263-30271.
Ali, N.N., Xu, X., Brito-Martins, M., Poole-Wilson, P.A., Harding, S.E., and Fuller, S.J. (2004). Beta-adrenoceptor subtype dependence of chronotropy in mouse embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Basic research in cardiology 99, 382-391.
Allera-Moreau, C., Delluc-Clavieres, A., Castano, C., Van den Berghe, L., Golzio, M., Moreau, M., Teissie, J., Arnal, J.F., and Prats, A.C. (2007). Long term expression of bicistronic vector driven by the FGF-1 IRES in mouse muscle. BMC biotechnology 7, 74.
Alsan, B.H., and Schultheiss, T.M. (2002). Regulation of avian cardiogenesis by Fgf8 signaling. Development 129, 1935-1943.
Anversa, P., Kajstura, J., Leri, A., and Bolli, R. (2006). Life and death of cardiac stem cells: a paradigm shift in cardiac biology. Circulation 113, 1451-1463.
Ausoni, S., and Sartore, S. (2009). From fish to amphibians to mammals: in search of novel strategies to optimize cardiac regeneration. J Cell Biol 184, 357-364.
Badylak, S.F., Taylor, D., and Uygun, K. (2011). Whole-organ tissue engineering: decellularization and recellularization of three-dimensional matrix scaffolds. Annual review of biomedical engineering 13, 27-53.
Banerjee, I., Fuseler, J.W., Price, R.L., Borg, T.K., and Baudino, T.A. (2007). Determination of cell types and numbers during cardiac development in the neonatal and adult rat and mouse. American journal of physiology Heart and circulatory physiology 293, H1883-1891.
Barile, L., Messina, E., Giacomello, A., and Marban, E. (2007). Endogenous cardiac stem cells. Progress in cardiovascular diseases 50, 31-48.
Beenken, A., and Mohammadi, M. (2009). The FGF family: biology, pathophysiology and therapy. Nature reviews Drug discovery 8, 235-253.
Behfar, A., Crespo-Diaz, R., Terzic, A., and Gersh, B.J. (2014). Cell therapy for cardiac repair--lessons from clinical trials. Nature reviews Cardiology 11, 232-246.
Beltrami, A.P., Barlucchi, L., Torella, D., Baker, M., Limana, F., Chimenti, S., Kasahara, H., Rota, M., Musso, E., Urbanek, K., et al. (2003). Adult cardiac stem cells are multipotent and support myocardial regeneration. Cell 114, 763-776.
Bergmann, O., Bhardwaj, R.D., Bernard, S., Zdunek, S., Barnabe-Heider, F., Walsh, S., Zupicich, J., Alkass, K., Buchholz, B.A., Druid, H., et al. (2009). Evidence for cardiomyocyte renewal in humans. Science 324, 98-102.
Bernstein, H.S., and Srivastava, D. (2012). Stem cell therapy for cardiac disease. Pediatric research 71, 491-499.
Bicknell, K.A., Coxon, C.H., and Brooks, G. (2007). Can the cardiomyocyte cell cycle be reprogrammed? Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 42, 706-721.
Bird, S.D., Doevendans, P.A., van Rooijen, M.A., Brutel de la Riviere, A., Hassink, R.J., Passier, R., and Mummery, C.L. (2003). The human adult cardiomyocyte phenotype. Cardiovascular research 58, 423-434.
Bondue, A., Tannler, S., Chiapparo, G., Chabab, S., Ramialison, M., Paulissen, C., Beck, B., Harvey, R., and Blanpain, C. (2011). Defining the earliest step of cardiovascular progenitor specification during embryonic stem cell differentiation. J Cell Biol 192, 751-765.
Boon, R.A., Iekushi, K., Lechner, S., Seeger, T., Fischer, A., Heydt, S., Kaluza, D., Treguer, K., Carmona, G., Bonauer, A., et al. (2013). MicroRNA-34a regulates cardiac ageing and function. Nature 495, 107-110.
Breitbach, M., Bostani, T., Roell, W., Xia, Y., Dewald, O., Nygren, J.M., Fries, J.W., Tiemann, K., Bohlen, H., Hescheler, J., et al. (2007). Potential risks of bone marrow cell transplantation into infarcted hearts. Blood 110, 1362-1369.
Brockes, J.P., and Kumar, A. (2002). Plasticity and reprogramming of differentiated cells in amphibian regeneration. Nature reviews Molecular cell biology 3, 566-574.
Chan, S.S., Li, H.J., Hsueh, Y.C., Lee, D.S., Chen, J.H., Hwang, S.M., Chen, C.Y., Shih, E., and Hsieh, P.C. (2010). Fibroblast growth factor-10 promotes cardiomyocyte differentiation from embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One 5, e14414.
Chan, T.M., Chao, C.H., Wang, H.D., Yu, Y.J., and Yuh, C.H. (2009). Functional analysis of the evolutionarily conserved cis-regulatory elements on the sox17 gene in zebrafish. Dev Biol 326, 456-470.
Chen, M.S., Lin, H.K., Chiu, H., Lee, D.C., Chung, Y.F., and Chiu, I.M. (2015). Human FGF1 promoter is active in ependymal cells and dopaminergic neurons in the brains of F1B-GFP transgenic mice. Developmental neurobiology 75, 232-248.
Cheng, A., and Slaughter, M.S. (2014). Heart transplantation. Journal of thoracic disease 6, 1105-1109.
Chiu, I.M., Touhalisky, K., and Baran, C. (2001). Multiple controlling mechanisms of FGF1 gene expression through multiple tissue-specific promoters. Progress in nucleic acid research and molecular biology 70, 155-174.
Chiu, I.M., Wang, W.P., and Lehtoma, K. (1990). Alternative splicing generates two forms of mRNA coding for human heparin-binding growth factor 1. Oncogene 5, 755-762.
Cleland, J.G., Coletta, A.P., Abdellah, A.T., Nasir, M., Hobson, N., Freemantle, N., and Clark, A.L. (2007). Clinical trials update from the American Heart Association 2006: OAT, SALT 1 and 2, MAGIC, ABCD, PABA-CHF, IMPROVE-CHF, and percutaneous mitral annuloplasty. European journal of heart failure 9, 92-97.
Coulier, F., Pontarotti, P., Roubin, R., Hartung, H., Goldfarb, M., and Birnbaum, D. (1997). Of worms and men: an evolutionary perspective on the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and FGF receptor families. Journal of molecular evolution 44, 43-56.
D'Costa, A., and Shepherd, I.T. (2009). Zebrafish development and genetics: introducing undergraduates to developmental biology and genetics in a large introductory laboratory class. Zebrafish 6, 169-177.
Dailey, L., Ambrosetti, D., Mansukhani, A., and Basilico, C. (2005). Mechanisms underlying differential responses to FGF signaling. Cytokine & growth factor reviews 16, 233-247.
Deb, A., and Ubil, E. (2014). Cardiac fibroblast in development and wound healing. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 70, 47-55.
Dell'Era, P., Ronca, R., Coco, L., Nicoli, S., Metra, M., and Presta, M. (2003). Fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 is essential for in vitro cardiomyocyte development. Circulation research 93, 414-420.
Di Lisi, R., Picard, A., Ausoni, S., and Schiaffino, S. (2007). GATA elements control repression of cardiac troponin I promoter activity in skeletal muscle cells. BMC molecular biology 8, 78.
Ding, S., and Schultz, P.G. (2004). A role for chemistry in stem cell biology. Nature biotechnology 22, 833-840.
Doss, M.X., Sachinidis, A., and Hescheler, J. (2008). Human ES cell derived cardiomyocytes for cell replacement therapy: a current update. The Chinese journal of physiology 51, 226-229.
Downing, G.J., and Battey, J.F., Jr. (2004). Technical assessment of the first 20 years of research using mouse embryonic stem cell lines. Stem Cells 22, 1168-1180.
Driever, W., and Rangini, Z. (1993). Characterization of a cell line derived from zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) embryos. In vitro cellular & developmental biology Animal 29A, 749-754.
Efe, J.A., Hilcove, S., Kim, J., Zhou, H., Ouyang, K., Wang, G., Chen, J., and Ding, S. (2011). Conversion of mouse fibroblasts into cardiomyocytes using a direct reprogramming strategy. Nature cell biology 13, 215-222.
Ehler, E., Moore-Morris, T., and Lange, S. (2013). Isolation and culture of neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes. J Vis Exp 79, e50154.
Engel, F.B. (2005). Cardiomyocyte proliferation: a platform for mammalian cardiac repair. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex) 4, 1360-1363.
Engel, F.B., Hsieh, P.C., Lee, R.T., and Keating, M.T. (2006). FGF1/p38 MAP kinase inhibitor therapy induces cardiomyocyte mitosis, reduces scarring, and rescues function after myocardial infarction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103, 15546-15551.
Eswarakumar, V.P., Lax, I., and Schlessinger, J. (2005). Cellular signaling by fibroblast growth factor receptors. Cytokine & growth factor reviews 16, 139-149.
Eulalio, A., Mano, M., Dal Ferro, M., Zentilin, L., Sinagra, G., Zacchigna, S., and Giacca, M. (2012). Functional screening identifies miRNAs inducing cardiac regeneration. Nature 492, 376-381.
Friesel, R.E., and Maciag, T. (1995). Molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis: fibroblast growth factor signal transduction. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 9, 919-925.
Fuster, V., Kelly, B.B., and Vedanthan, R. (2011). Global cardiovascular health: urgent need for an intersectoral approach. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 58, 1208-1210.
Garbern, J.C., and Lee, R.T. (2013). Cardiac stem cell therapy and the promise of heart regeneration. Cell Stem Cell 12, 689-698.
GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators (2015). Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet (London, England) 385, 117-171.
Gemberling, M., Bailey, T.J., Hyde, D.R., and Poss, K.D. (2013). The zebrafish as a model for complex tissue regeneration. Trends Genet 29, 611-620.
Goetz, R., and Mohammadi, M. (2013). Exploring mechanisms of FGF signalling through the lens of structural biology. Nature reviews Molecular cell biology 14, 166-180.
Graham, E.L., Balla, C., Franchino, H., Melman, Y., del Monte, F., and Das, S. (2013). Isolation, culture, and functional characterization of adult mouse cardiomyoctyes. J Vis Exp 79, e50289.
Gupta, T., and Mullins, M.C. (2010). Dissection of organs from the adult zebrafish. J Vis Exp 37, e1717.
Gutkowska, J., and Jankowski, M. (2012). Oxytocin revisited: its role in cardiovascular regulation. Journal of neuroendocrinology 24, 599-608.
Heikinheimo, M., Scandrett, J.M., and Wilson, D.B. (1994). Localization of transcription factor GATA-4 to regions of the mouse embryo involved in cardiac development. Dev Biol 164, 361-373.
Hentze, H., Soong, P.L., Wang, S.T., Phillips, B.W., Putti, T.C., and Dunn, N.R. (2009). Teratoma formation by human embryonic stem cells: evaluation of essential parameters for future safety studies. Stem cell research 2, 198-210.
Hidai, C., Masako, O., Ikeda, H., Nagashima, H., Matsuoka, R., Quertermous, T., Kasanuki, H., Kokubun, S., and Kawana, M. (2003). FGF-1 enhanced cardiogenesis in differentiating embryonal carcinoma cell cultures, which was opposite to the effect of FGF-2. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 35, 421-425.
Howe, K., Clark, M.D., Torroja, C.F., Torrance, J., Berthelot, C., Muffato, M., Collins, J.E., Humphray, S., McLaren, K., Matthews, L., et al. (2013). The zebrafish reference genome sequence and its relationship to the human genome. Nature 496, 498-503.
Hsiao, A.J., Chen, L.H., and Lu, T.H. (2015). Ten leading causes of death in Taiwan: A comparison of two grouping lists. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi 114, 679-680.
Hsu, Y.C., Lee, D.C., Chen, S.L., Liao, W.C., Lin, J.W., Chiu, W.T., and Chiu, I.M. (2009). Brain-specific 1B promoter of FGF1 gene facilitates the isolation of neural stem/progenitor cells with self-renewal and multipotent capacities. Dev Dyn 238, 302-314.
Huang, P., and Stern, M.J. (2005). FGF signaling in flies and worms: more and more relevant to vertebrate biology. Cytokine & growth factor reviews 16, 151-158.
Ieda, M., Tsuchihashi, T., Ivey, K.N., Ross, R.S., Hong, T.T., Shaw, R.M., and Srivastava, D. (2009). Cardiac fibroblasts regulate myocardial proliferation through beta1 integrin signaling. Developmental cell 16, 233-244.
Iglesias-Garcia, O., Pelacho, B., and Prosper, F. (2013). Induced pluripotent stem cells as a new strategy for cardiac regeneration and disease modeling. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 62, 43-50.
Iovine, M.K. (2007). Conserved mechanisms regulate outgrowth in zebrafish fins. Nature chemical biology 3, 613-618.
Itoh, N. (2007). The Fgf families in humans, mice, and zebrafish: their evolutional processes and roles in development, metabolism, and disease. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 30, 1819-1825.
Itoh, N., and Konishi, M. (2007). The zebrafish fgf family. Zebrafish 4, 179-186.
Itoh, N., and Ohta, H. (2013). Pathophysiological roles of FGF signaling in the heart. Frontiers in physiology 4, 247.
Itoh, N., and Ornitz, D.M. (2004). Evolution of the Fgf and Fgfr gene families. Trends Genet 20, 563-569.
Jackson, K.A., Majka, S.M., Wang, H., Pocius, J., Hartley, C.J., Majesky, M.W., Entman, M.L., Michael, L.H., Hirschi, K.K., and Goodell, M.A. (2001). Regeneration of ischemic cardiac muscle and vascular endothelium by adult stem cells. J Clin Invest 107, 1395-1402.
Jan, T.A., Chai, R., Sayyid, Z.N., and Cheng, A.G. (2011). Isolating LacZ-expressing cells from mouse inner ear tissues using flow cytometry. J Vis Exp 58, e3432.
Jaye, M., Howk, R., Burgess, W., Ricca, G.A., Chiu, I.M., Ravera, M.W., O'Brien, S.J., Modi, W.S., Maciag, T., and Drohan, W.N. (1986). Human endothelial cell growth factor: cloning, nucleotide sequence, and chromosome localization. Science 233, 541-545.
Jonker, J.W., Suh, J.M., Atkins, A.R., Ahmadian, M., Li, P., Whyte, J., He, M., Juguilon, H., Yin, Y.Q., Phillips, C.T., et al. (2012). A PPARgamma-FGF1 axis is required for adaptive adipose remodelling and metabolic homeostasis. Nature 485, 391-394.
Jopling, C., Sleep, E., Raya, M., Marti, M., Raya, A., and Izpisua Belmonte, J.C. (2010). Zebrafish heart regeneration occurs by cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation and proliferation. Nature 464, 606-609.
Jumabay, M., Zhang, R., Yao, Y., Goldhaber, J.I., and Bostrom, K.I. (2010). Spontaneously beating cardiomyocytes derived from white mature adipocytes. Cardiovascular research 85, 17-27.
Kasahara, H., Ueyama, T., Wakimoto, H., Liu, M.K., Maguire, C.T., Converso, K.L., Kang, P.M., Manning, W.J., Lawitts, J., Paul, D.L., et al. (2003). Nkx2.5 homeoprotein regulates expression of gap junction protein connexin 43 and sarcomere organization in postnatal cardiomyocytes. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 35, 243-256.
Kattman, S.J., Witty, A.D., Gagliardi, M., Dubois, N.C., Niapour, M., Hotta, A., Ellis, J., and Keller, G. (2011). Stage-specific optimization of activin/nodal and BMP signaling promotes cardiac differentiation of mouse and human pluripotent stem cell lines. Cell Stem Cell 8, 228-240.
Kehat, I., Kenyagin-Karsenti, D., Snir, M., Segev, H., Amit, M., Gepstein, A., Livne, E., Binah, O., Itskovitz-Eldor, J., and Gepstein, L. (2001). Human embryonic stem cells can differentiate into myocytes with structural and functional properties of cardiomyocytes. J Clin Invest 108, 407-414.
Kikuchi, K., Holdway, J.E., Werdich, A.A., Anderson, R.M., Fang, Y., Egnaczyk, G.F., Evans, T., Macrae, C.A., Stainier, D.Y., and Poss, K.D. (2010). Primary contribution to zebrafish heart regeneration by gata4(+) cardiomyocytes. Nature 464, 601-605.
Kikuchi, K., and Poss, K.D. (2012). Cardiac regenerative capacity and mechanisms. Annual review of cell and developmental biology 28, 719-741.
Kim, J., Rubin, N., Huang, Y., Tuan, T.L., and Lien, C.L. (2012). In vitro culture of epicardial cells from adult zebrafish heart on a fibrin matrix. Nature protocols 7, 247-255.
Klug, M.G., Soonpaa, M.H., Koh, G.Y., and Field, L.J. (1996). Genetically selected cardiomyocytes from differentiating embronic stem cells form stable intracardiac grafts. J Clin Invest 98, 216-224.
Kuhn, B., del Monte, F., Hajjar, R.J., Chang, Y.S., Lebeche, D., Arab, S., and Keating, M.T. (2007). Periostin induces proliferation of differentiated cardiomyocytes and promotes cardiac repair. Nature medicine 13, 962-969.
Laflamme, M.A., Chen, K.Y., Naumova, A.V., Muskheli, V., Fugate, J.A., Dupras, S.K., Reinecke, H., Xu, C., Hassanipour, M., Police, S., et al. (2007). Cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells in pro-survival factors enhance function of infarcted rat hearts. Nature biotechnology 25, 1015-1024.
Laugwitz, K.L., Moretti, A., Lam, J., Gruber, P., Chen, Y., Woodard, S., Lin, L.Z., Cai, C.L., Lu, M.M., Reth, M., et al. (2005). Postnatal isl1+ cardioblasts enter fully differentiated cardiomyocyte lineages. Nature 433, 647-653.
Lee, D.C., Hsu, Y.C., Chung, Y.F., Hsiao, C.Y., Chen, S.L., Chen, M.S., Lin, H.K., and Chiu, I.M. (2009). Isolation of neural stem/progenitor cells by using EGF/FGF1 and FGF1B promoter-driven green fluorescence from embryonic and adult mouse brains. Molecular and cellular neurosciences 41, 348-363.
Lee, K., Yu, P., Lingampalli, N., Kim, H.J., Tang, R., and Murthy, N. (2015). Peptide-enhanced mRNA transfection in cultured mouse cardiac fibroblasts and direct reprogramming towards cardiomyocyte-like cells. International journal of nanomedicine 10, 1841-1854.
Leri, A., Kajstura, J., and Anversa, P. (2005). Cardiac stem cells and mechanisms of myocardial regeneration. Physiological reviews 85, 1373-1416.
Lien, C.L., Schebesta, M., Makino, S., Weber, G.J., and Keating, M.T. (2006). Gene expression analysis of zebrafish heart regeneration. PLoS biology 4, e260.
Lin, X., Buff, E.M., Perrimon, N., and Michelson, A.M. (1999). Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are essential for FGF receptor signaling during Drosophila embryonic development. Development 126, 3715-3723.
Liu, J., and Stainier, D.Y. (2012). Zebrafish in the study of early cardiac development. Circulation research 110, 870-874.
Liu, J.W., Hsu, Y.C., Kao, C.Y., Su, H.L., and Chiu, I.M. (2013). Leukemia inhibitory factor-induced Stat3 signaling suppresses fibroblast growth factor 1-induced Erk1/2 activation to inhibit the downstream differentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 22, 1190-1197.
Liu, Y.H., Peng, K.Y., Chiu, Y.W., Ho, Y.L., Wang, Y.H., Shun, C.T., Huang, S.Y., Lin, Y.S., de Vries, A.A., Pijnappels, D.A., et al. (2015). Human Placenta-Derived Multipotent Cells (hPDMCs) Modulate Cardiac Injury: From Bench to Small & Large Animal Myocardial Ischemia Studies. Cell transplantation.
Lopez-Sanchez, C., Climent, V., Schoenwolf, G.C., Alvarez, I.S., and Garcia-Martinez, V. (2002). Induction of cardiogenesis by Hensen's node and fibroblast growth factors. Cell and tissue research 309, 237-249.
Lough, J., Barron, M., Brogley, M., Sugi, Y., Bolender, D.L., and Zhu, X. (1996). Combined BMP-2 and FGF-4, but neither factor alone, induces cardiogenesis in non-precardiac embryonic mesoderm. Dev Biol 178, 198-202.
Lovell, M.J., and Mathur, A. (2010). Cardiac stem cell therapy: progress from the bench to bedside. Heart (British Cardiac Society) 96, 1531-1537.
Lueders, C., Jastram, B., Hetzer, R., and Schwandt, H. (2014). Rapid manufacturing techniques for the tissue engineering of human heart valves. European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery 46, 593-601.
Lv, H., Havari, E., Pinto, S., Gottumukkala, R.V., Cornivelli, L., Raddassi, K., Matsui, T., Rosenzweig, A., Bronson, R.T., Smith, R., et al. (2011). Impaired thymic tolerance to alpha-myosin directs autoimmunity to the heart in mice and humans. J Clin Invest 121, 1561-1573.
Madiai, F., and Hackshaw, K. (2002). Expression of the mouse FGF-1 and FGF-1.A mRNAs during embryonic development and in the aging heart. Research communications in molecular pathology and pharmacology 112, 139-144.
Madiai, F., Hackshaw, K.V., and Chiu, I.M. (1999). Characterization of the entire transcription unit of the mouse fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF-1) gene. Tissue-specific expression of the FGF-1.A mRNA. The Journal of biological chemistry 274, 11937-11944.
Mahmoud, A.I., Kocabas, F., Muralidhar, S.A., Kimura, W., Koura, A.S., Thet, S., Porrello, E.R., and Sadek, H.A. (2013). Meis1 regulates postnatal cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest. Nature 497, 249-253.
Makino, S., Fukuda, K., Miyoshi, S., Konishi, F., Kodama, H., Pan, J., Sano, M., Takahashi, T., Hori, S., Abe, H., et al. (1999). Cardiomyocytes can be generated from marrow stromal cells in vitro. J Clin Invest 103, 697-705.
Martineau, Y., Le Bec, C., Monbrun, L., Allo, V., Chiu, I.M., Danos, O., Moine, H., Prats, H., and Prats, A.C. (2004). Internal ribosome entry site structural motifs conserved among mammalian fibroblast growth factor 1 alternatively spliced mRNAs. Molecular and cellular biology 24, 7622-7635.
Masui, S., Nakatake, Y., Toyooka, Y., Shimosato, D., Yagi, R., Takahashi, K., Okochi, H., Okuda, A., Matoba, R., Sharov, A.A., et al. (2007). Pluripotency governed by Sox2 via regulation of Oct3/4 expression in mouse embryonic stem cells. Nature cell biology 9, 625-635.
Masumoto, H., Ikuno, T., Takeda, M., Fukushima, H., Marui, A., Katayama, S., Shimizu, T., Ikeda, T., Okano, T., Sakata, R., et al. (2014). Human iPS cell-engineered cardiac tissue sheets with cardiomyocytes and vascular cells for cardiac regeneration. Scientific reports 4, 6716.
Masumoto, H., Matsuo, T., Yamamizu, K., Uosaki, H., Narazaki, G., Katayama, S., Marui, A., Shimizu, T., Ikeda, T., Okano, T., et al. (2012). Pluripotent stem cell-engineered cell sheets reassembled with defined cardiovascular populations ameliorate reduction in infarct heart function through cardiomyocyte-mediated neovascularization. Stem Cells 30, 1196-1205.
Matsuura, K., Nagai, T., Nishigaki, N., Oyama, T., Nishi, J., Wada, H., Sano, M., Toko, H., Akazawa, H., Sato, T., et al. (2004). Adult cardiac Sca-1-positive cells differentiate into beating cardiomyocytes. The Journal of biological chemistry 279, 11384-11391.
Mehta, A., Chung, Y.Y., Ng, A., Iskandar, F., Atan, S., Wei, H., Dusting, G., Sun, W., Wong, P., and Shim, W. (2011). Pharmacological response of human cardiomyocytes derived from virus-free induced pluripotent stem cells. Cardiovascular research 91, 577-586.
Menasche, P. (2007). Skeletal myoblasts as a therapeutic agent. Progress in cardiovascular diseases 50, 7-17.
Messina, E., De Angelis, L., Frati, G., Morrone, S., Chimenti, S., Fiordaliso, F., Salio, M., Battaglia, M., Latronico, M.V., Coletta, M., et al. (2004). Isolation and expansion of adult cardiac stem cells from human and murine heart. Circulation research 95, 911-921.
Mitashov, V.I. (1996). Mechanisms of retina regeneration in urodeles. Int J Dev Biol 40, 833-844.
Moran, A.E., Roth, G.A., Narula, J., and Mensah, G.A. (2014). 1990-2010 global cardiovascular disease atlas. Global heart 9, 3-16.
Muralidhar, S.A., Mahmoud, A.I., Canseco, D., Xiao, F., and Sadek, H.A. (2013). Harnessing the power of dividing cardiomyocytes. Global cardiology science & practice 2013, 212-221.
Murray, T.V., Smyrnias, I., Schnelle, M., Mistry, R.K., Zhang, M., Beretta, M., Martin, D., Anilkumar, N., de Silva, S.M., Shah, A.M., et al. (2015). Redox regulation of cardiomyocyte cell cycling via an ERK1/2 and c-Myc-dependent activation of cyclin D2 transcription. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 79, 54-68.
Myers, R.L., Ray, S.K., Eldridge, R., Chotani, M.A., and Chiu, I.M. (1995). Functional characterization of the brain-specific FGF-1 promoter, FGF-1.B. The Journal of biological chemistry 270, 8257-8266.
Myhre, J.L., and Pilgrim, D.B. (2010). Cellular differentiation in primary cell cultures from single zebrafish embryos as a model for the study of myogenesis. Zebrafish 7, 255-266.
Niwa, H., Burdon, T., Chambers, I., and Smith, A. (1998). Self-renewal of pluripotent embryonic stem cells is mediated via activation of STAT3. Genes Dev 12, 2048-2060.
Oberpriller, J.O., and Oberpriller, J.C. (1974). Response of the adult newt ventricle to injury. J Exp Zool 187, 249-253.
Oberpriller, J.O., Oberpriller, J.C., Matz, D.G., and Soonpaa, M.H. (1995). Stimulation of proliferative events in the adult amphibian cardiac myocyte. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 752, 30-46.
Oettgen, P., Boyle, A.J., Schulman, S.P., and Hare, J.M. (2006). Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy. Need for Optimization of Efficacy and Safety Monitoring. Circulation 114, 353-358.
Ohta, H., and Itoh, N. (2014). Roles of FGFs as Adipokines in Adipose Tissue Development, Remodeling, and Metabolism. Frontiers in endocrinology 5, 18.
Ornitz, D.M. (2000). FGFs, heparan sulfate and FGFRs: complex interactions essential for development. BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology 22, 108-112.
Ornitz, D.M., and Itoh, N. (2001). Fibroblast growth factors. Genome biology 2, REVIEWS3005.
Ornitz, D.M., and Itoh, N. (2015). The Fibroblast Growth Factor signaling pathway. Wiley interdisciplinary reviews Developmental biology 4, 215-266.
Ott, H.C., Matthiesen, T.S., Goh, S.K., Black, L.D., Kren, S.M., Netoff, T.I., and Taylor, D.A. (2008). Perfusion-decellularized matrix: using nature's platform to engineer a bioartificial heart. Nature medicine 14, 213-221.
Paquin, J., Danalache, B.A., Jankowski, M., McCann, S.M., and Gutkowska, J. (2002). Oxytocin induces differentiation of P19 embryonic stem cells to cardiomyocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99, 9550-9555.
Park, E.J., Ogden, L.A., Talbot, A., Evans, S., Cai, C.L., Black, B.L., Frank, D.U., and Moon, A.M. (2006). Required, tissue-specific roles for Fgf8 in outflow tract formation and remodeling. Development 133, 2419-2433.
Passier, R., van Laake, L.W., and Mummery, C.L. (2008). Stem-cell-based therapy and lessons from the heart. Nature 453, 322-329.
Patrie, K., Botelho, M.J., Ray, S.K., Mehta, V.B., and Chiu, I.M. (1997). Amphibian FGF-1 is structurally and functionally similar to but antigenically distinguishable from its mammalian counterpart. Growth factors (Chur, Switzerland) 14, 39-57.
Pfister, O., Oikonomopoulos, A., Sereti, K.I., and Liao, R. (2010). Isolation of resident cardiac progenitor cells by Hoechst 33342 staining. Methods Mol Biol 660, 53-63.
Porrello, E.R., Mahmoud, A.I., Simpson, E., Hill, J.A., Richardson, J.A., Olson, E.N., and Sadek, H.A. (2011). Transient regenerative potential of the neonatal mouse heart. Science 331, 1078-1080.
Poss, K.D. (2007). Getting to the heart of regeneration in zebrafish. Seminars in cell & developmental biology 18, 36-45.
Poss, K.D., Keating, M.T., and Nechiporuk, A. (2003). Tales of regeneration in zebrafish. Dev Dyn 226, 202-210.
Poss, K.D., Wilson, L.G., and Keating, M.T. (2002). Heart regeneration in zebrafish. Science 298, 2188-2190.
Pritchett, W.H., and Dent, J.N. (1972). The role of size in the rate of limb regeneration in the adult newt. Growth 36, 275-289.
Qian, L., Huang, Y., Spencer, C.I., Foley, A., Vedantham, V., Liu, L., Conway, S.J., Fu, J.D., and Srivastava, D. (2012). In vivo reprogramming of murine cardiac fibroblasts into induced cardiomyocytes. Nature 485, 593-598.
Raju, R., Palapetta, S.M., Sandhya, V.K., Sahu, A., Alipoor, A., Balakrishnan, L., Advani, J., George, B., Kini, K.R., Geetha, N.P., et al. (2014). A Network Map of FGF-1/FGFR Signaling System. Journal of signal transduction 2014, 962962.
Reyer, R.W. (1954). Regeneration of the lens in the amphibian eye. The Quarterly review of biology 29, 1-46.
Rosenblatt-Velin, N., Lepore, M.G., Cartoni, C., Beermann, F., and Pedrazzini, T. (2005). FGF-2 controls the differentiation of resident cardiac precursors into functional cardiomyocytes. J Clin Invest 115, 1724-1733.
Ryan, J.M., Barry, F.P., Murphy, J.M., and Mahon, B.P. (2005). Mesenchymal stem cells avoid allogeneic rejection. Journal of inflammation (London, England) 2, 8.
Sadahiro, T., Yamanaka, S., and Ieda, M. (2015). Direct cardiac reprogramming: progress and challenges in basic biology and clinical applications. Circulation research 116, 1378-1391.
Sahara, M., Santoro, F., and Chien, K.R. (2015). Programming and reprogramming a human heart cell. EMBO J 34, 710-738.
Sander, V., Sune, G., Jopling, C., Morera, C., and Izpisua Belmonte, J.C. (2013). Isolation and in vitro culture of primary cardiomyocytes from adult zebrafish hearts. Nature protocols 8, 800-809.
Schlessinger, J., Plotnikov, A.N., Ibrahimi, O.A., Eliseenkova, A.V., Yeh, B.K., Yayon, A., Linhardt, R.J., and Mohammadi, M. (2000). Crystal structure of a ternary FGF-FGFR-heparin complex reveals a dual role for heparin in FGFR binding and dimerization. Molecular cell 6, 743-750.
Schott, J.J., Benson, D.W., Basson, C.T., Pease, W., Silberbach, G.M., Moak, J.P., Maron, B.J., Seidman, C.E., and Seidman, J.G. (1998). Congenital heart disease caused by mutations in the transcription factor NKX2-5. Science 281, 108-111.
Segers, V.F., and Lee, R.T. (2008). Stem-cell therapy for cardiac disease. Nature 451, 937-942.
Senyo, S.E., Steinhauser, M.L., Pizzimenti, C.L., Yang, V.K., Cai, L., Wang, M., Wu, T.D., Guerquin-Kern, J.L., Lechene, C.P., and Lee, R.T. (2013). Mammalian heart renewal by pre-existing cardiomyocytes. Nature 493, 433-436.
Shimoji, K., Yuasa, S., Onizuka, T., Hattori, F., Tanaka, T., Hara, M., Ohno, Y., Chen, H., Egasgira, T., Seki, T., et al. (2010). G-CSF promotes the proliferation of developing cardiomyocytes in vivo and in derivation from ESCs and iPSCs. Cell Stem Cell 6, 227-237.
Smith, R.R., Barile, L., Cho, H.C., Leppo, M.K., Hare, J.M., Messina, E., Giacomello, A., Abraham, M.R., and Marban, E. (2007). Regenerative potential of cardiosphere-derived cells expanded from percutaneous endomyocardial biopsy specimens. Circulation 115, 896-908.
Song, J.J., and Ott, H.C. (2011). Organ engineering based on decellularized matrix scaffolds. Trends in molecular medicine 17, 424-432.
Songhet, P., Adzic, D., Reibe, S., and Rohr, K.B. (2007). fgf1 is required for normal differentiation of erythrocytes in zebrafish primitive hematopoiesis. Dev Dyn 236, 633-643.
Strausberg, R.L., Feingold, E.A., Grouse, L.H., Derge, J.G., Klausner, R.D., Collins, F.S., Wagner, L., Shenmen, C.M., Schuler, G.D., Altschul, S.F., et al. (2002). Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99, 16899-16903.
Sugi, Y., and Lough, J. (1995). Activin-A and FGF-2 mimic the inductive effects of anterior endoderm on terminal cardiac myogenesis in vitro. Dev Biol 168, 567-574.
Takahashi, K., Tanabe, K., Ohnuki, M., Narita, M., Ichisaka, T., Tomoda, K., and Yamanaka, S. (2007). Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors. Cell 131, 861-872.
Takahashi, K., and Yamanaka, S. (2006). Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell 126, 663-676.
Tane, S., Okayama, H., Ikenishi, A., Amemiya, Y., Nakayama, K.I., and Takeuchi, T. (2015). Two inhibitory systems and CKIs regulate cell cycle exit of mammalian cardiomyocytes after birth. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 466, 147-154.
Thomson, J.A., Itskovitz-Eldor, J., Shapiro, S.S., Waknitz, M.A., Swiergiel, J.J., Marshall, V.S., and Jones, J.M. (1998). Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts. Science 282, 1145-1147.
Turner, N., and Grose, R. (2010). Fibroblast growth factor signalling: from development to cancer. Nature reviews Cancer 10, 116-129.
Uosaki, H., Magadum, A., Seo, K., Fukushima, H., Takeuchi, A., Nakagawa, Y., Moyes, K.W., Narazaki, G., Kuwahara, K., Laflamme, M., et al. (2013). Identification of chemicals inducing cardiomyocyte proliferation in developmental stage-specific manner with pluripotent stem cells. Circulation Cardiovascular genetics 6, 624-633.
Urbanek, K., Rota, M., Cascapera, S., Bearzi, C., Nascimbene, A., De Angelis, A., Hosoda, T., Chimenti, S., Baker, M., Limana, F., et al. (2005). Cardiac stem cells possess growth factor-receptor systems that after activation regenerate the infarcted myocardium, improving ventricular function and long-term survival. Circulation research 97, 663-673.
Vethamany-Globus, S., and Liversage, R.A. (1973). The relationship between the anterior pituitary gland and the pancreas in tail regeneration of the adult newt. J Embryol Exp Morphol 30, 415-426.
Vihtelic, T.S., and Hyde, D.R. (2000). Light-induced rod and cone cell death and regeneration in the adult albino zebrafish (Danio rerio) retina. Journal of neurobiology 44, 289-307.
Wagner, M., and Siddiqui, M.A. (2007). Signal transduction in early heart development (I): cardiogenic induction and heart tube formation. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 232, 852-865.
Wang, W.P., Lehtoma, K., Varban, M.L., Krishnan, I., and Chiu, I.M. (1989). Cloning of the gene coding for human class 1 heparin-binding growth factor and its expression in fetal tissues. Molecular and cellular biology 9, 2387-2395.
Watanabe, Y., Zaffran, S., Kuroiwa, A., Higuchi, H., Ogura, T., Harvey, R.P., Kelly, R.G., and Buckingham, M. (2012). Fibroblast growth factor 10 gene regulation in the second heart field by Tbx1, Nkx2-5, and Islet1 reveals a genetic switch for down-regulation in the myocardium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109, 18273-18280.
Watt, A.J., Battle, M.A., Li, J., and Duncan, S.A. (2004). GATA4 is essential for formation of the proepicardium and regulates cardiogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101, 12573-12578.
Xin, M., Olson, E.N., and Bassel-Duby, R. (2013). Mending broken hearts: cardiac development as a basis for adult heart regeneration and repair. Nature reviews Molecular cell biology 14, 529-541.
Yan, B., Singla, R.D., Abdelli, L.S., Singal, P.K., and Singla, D.K. (2013). Regulation of PTEN/Akt pathway enhances cardiomyogenesis and attenuates adverse left ventricular remodeling following thymosin beta4 Overexpressing embryonic stem cell transplantation in the infarcted heart. PLoS One 8, e75580.
Yelon, D. (2001). Cardiac patterning and morphogenesis in zebrafish. Dev Dyn 222, 552-563.
Yoon, B.S., Yoo, S.J., Lee, J.E., You, S., Lee, H.T., and Yoon, H.S. (2006). Enhanced differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into cardiomyocytes by combining hanging drop culture and 5-azacytidine treatment. Differentiation 74, 149-159.
Yoshida, Y., and Yamanaka, S. (2011). iPS cells: a source of cardiac regeneration. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 50, 327-332.
Young, J.L., Kretchmer, K., Ondeck, M.G., Zambon, A.C., and Engler, A.J. (2014). Mechanosensitive kinases regulate stiffness-induced cardiomyocyte maturation. Scientific reports 4, 6425.
Zakharova, L., Nural-Guvener, H., Feehery, L., Popovic-Sljukic, S., and Gaballa, M.A. (2015). Transplantation of Epigenetically Modified Adult Cardiac c-Kit+ Cells Retards Remodeling and Improves Cardiac Function in Ischemic Heart Failure Model. Stem cells translational medicine 4, 1086-1096.
Zhang, Y., Madiai, F., and Hackshaw, K.V. (2001). Cloning and characterization of a novel form of mouse fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1) mRNA, FGF-1.G: differential expression of FGF-1 and FGF-1.G mRNAs during embryonic development and in postnatal tissues. Biochim Biophys Acta 1521, 45-58.
Zhang, Y., Mignone, J., and MacLellan, W.R. (2015a). Cardiac Regeneration and Stem Cells. Physiological reviews 95, 1189-1204.
Zhang, Y.S., Aleman, J., Arneri, A., Bersini, S., Piraino, F., Shin, S.R., Dokmeci, M.R., and Khademhosseini, A. (2015b). From cardiac tissue engineering to heart-on-a-chip: beating challenges. Biomedical materials (Bristol, England) 10, 034006.
Zhou, X., Quann, E., and Gallicano, G.I. (2003). Differentiation of nonbeating embryonic stem cells into beating cardiomyocytes is dependent on downregulation of PKC beta and zeta in concert with upregulation of PKC epsilon. Dev Biol 255, 407-422.
Zhu, X., Sasse, J., McAllister, D., and Lough, J. (1996). Evidence that fibroblast growth factors 1 and 4 participate in regulation of cardiogenesis. Dev Dyn 207, 429-438.

全文公開日期本全文未授權公開 (校內網路)
全文公開日期本全文未授權公開 (校外網路)
全文公開日期本全文未授權公開 (國家圖書館：臺灣博碩士論文系統)

簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

相關論文