具光照度過濾效果且應用於二值化影像處理之CMOS影像感測器元件

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研究生：	黃家津 Huang, Chia-Chin
論文名稱：	具光照度過濾效果且應用於二值化影像處理之CMOS影像感測器元件 A CMOS Active Pixel Sensor with Light Intensity Filtering Characteristics for Image Thresholding Application
指導教授：	金雅琴 King, Ya-Chin
口試委員:	林崇榮施教仁
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	電機資訊學院 - 電子工程研究所 Institute of Electronics Engineering
論文出版年：	2011
畢業學年度：	99
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	60
中文關鍵詞：	影像感測器
相關次數：	點閱：3 下載：0
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隨著消費者對於高科技產品的需求越來越高，在影像或是動畫的處理上也預期可以擁有更理想的輸出結果。本論文中提出一5T主動式影像感測器，提供不同於傳統主動式影像感測器輸出之非線性光響應。利用元件本身的感光二極體與電路寄生的二極體彼此相互拉扯的現象，藉由適當的操作，可獲得一非線性的光響應。除此之外，透過適當的時序控制可調整此非線性曲線的光強度的峰值，達到濾光的效果。最後，利用此非線性的光響應效果，可應用於某些二值化的影像處理上面，例如:亮點捕捉及物體輪廓的捕捉。論文中分別利用HSPICE模擬軟體與實際晶片的量測，並使用MATLAB模擬影像輸出的結果，展現此5T影像感測器的在不同即時影像處理之應用。

A CMOS image sensor with light intensity filtering feature for realizing image thresholding is proposed. The simple sensing pixel circuit with less than 5 transistors is designed to provide a tunable non-linear photo-response with a peak signal at a specified intensity level. This unique intensity-filtering photo-response characteristic is achieved by push/pull forces between an n+/p-sub photo-diode and the parasitic p+/n-well parasitic diode of the PMOS control transistor. With proper timing control of this new pixel circuit, tunable intensity filtering transfer functions can be obtained. Based on the behavior model of the pixel’s photo-response, image thresholding function is successfully demonstrated by this non-linear imager.

Abstract ...................................................................................................................... i
摘 要 ........................................................................................................................ ii
致謝 ......................................................................................................................... iii
內文目錄 ................................................................................................................. iv
圖片目錄 ................................................................................................................. vi
表格目錄 ............................................................................................................... viii
第一章 緒論........................................................................................................... 1
1.1 研究動機 ................................................................................................... 1
1.2 章節簡介 ................................................................................................... 2
第二章 文獻回顧 ................................................................................................... 3
2.1 影像感測器之輸出響應 ................................................................................. 3
2.1.1 3T主動式影像感測器 .............................................................................. 3
2.1.2 對數型CMOS影像感測器 ..................................................................... 4
2.1.3 多重照光時間提升動態範圍之技術 ....................................................... 4
2.2邊緣偵測相關研究 .......................................................................................... 4
2.2.1 結合線性與對數型之CMOS影像感測器 .............................................. 5
2.2.2 利用相關雙重取樣電(CDS)進行邊緣擷取之CMOS影像感測器 ......... 5
2.3小結 ................................................................................................................. 6
第三章 具光照度過濾效果之影像感測器設計與模擬結果 ................................18
3.1 4T主動式影像感測器之設計 ....................................................................... 18
3.2 改良型5T主動式影像感測器 ..................................................................... 19
3.3 MATLAB數學軟體之影像模擬結果 ........................................................... 20
3.4 小結 .............................................................................................................. 21
v
第四章 量測結果與討論 ......................................................................................33
4.1 量測系統之建立........................................................................................... 33
4.2 單一像素之量測結果 ................................................................................... 33
4.2.1 4T感測器佈局與量測結果 .................................................................... 34
4.2.2 5T感測器佈局與量測結果 .................................................................... 36
4.2.3特性討論與比較 ..................................................................................... 38
4.3人形輪廓捕捉與光點捕捉效果之模擬 ......................................................... 38
4.4小結 ............................................................................................................... 39
第五章 結論..........................................................................................................58
參考文獻 .................................................................................................................59

                                

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