由於大量使用煤、石油、天然氣等石化燃料，使地球暖化日漸加劇；台灣地區因自產能源相當貧乏，約99%以上的能源消費均仰賴進口，因此為抑低石化能源釋出CO2及提高能源供應自主性等多重目的，積極開發綠色再生能源已是必然趨勢及政策目標。由於藻類之生長速率較植物快速，在各種生質物中，藻類具有生長快速及CO2零排放之優點，進而降低二氧化碳濃度。微藻製備生質柴油之過程，首先收集微藻並脫水、萃取油脂、再進行轉酯化。過去藻油萃取時需使用大量有機溶劑造成環境污染。因此，藉由本研究找出對環境友善的萃取溶劑與方法，以符合減碳與綠色製程之本意。
本研究方法為回顧性分析，針對微藻製備生質柴油進行系統盤查分析，並參考文獻估計藻油萃取的過程中所需投入的萃取溶劑及用電，依據萃取方式不同分為A、B、C、D、E、和F六個情境，其萃取溶劑分別為氯仿及甲醇、二氯甲烷及甲醇、環己烷及異丙醇、超臨界流體二氧化碳、二氧化碳膨脹甲醇、以及二氧化碳膨脹乙醇，並計算六個情境之藻油萃取過程對環境之影響。本研究選擇生命週期評估軟體SimaPro 7.3做為評估工具，以Eco-Indicator99為衝擊評估模式量化環境衝擊數據。
藻油萃取過程中僅針對情境A-F中所投入之溶劑進行比較，結果顯示情境D、E、F之環境衝擊為六個情境中較低者，接著，進一步評估萃取過程中用電(台灣主要發電:核能22.7%、天然氣35%、及煤42.3%)對環境衝擊，情境D之環境衝擊值最大(18.988 Pt)且生產每公斤藻油之用電成本最高(769元)，主因為其操作時需高壓高溫使得耗電量相對於其他情境大，然而，情境E及F之環境衝擊小(0.81 Pt 及0.30 Pt)且生產每公斤藻油之用電成本低(26元及7元)，因其操作時不需高壓高溫使耗電量低。為達綠色製程，評估太陽能或風能替代台灣主要發電方式之可行性，以太陽能或風力發電時，情境D之環境的衝擊降為台灣主要發電(18.988 Pt)的三分之一(6.573 Pt)或四分之一(3.897 Pt)，同樣生產每公斤藻油之碳排量降為台灣主要發電(218.9公斤)之十二分之一(18.1公斤)或二十四分之一(9公斤)；情境E之碳排量降為台灣主要發電(8.9公斤)之四分之一(太陽能2.2公斤，風能1.9公斤)；情境F之碳排量則降為台灣主要發電(3.2公斤)之二分之一(太陽能1.3公斤，風能1.2公斤)。
微藻製藻油之六個情境中，情境E及F為低環境衝擊、低成本且低碳排量之萃取方式。太陽能及風能發電成本雖比台灣目前主要發電成本高，但我們只有一個地球，發展生質柴油的同時必須減緩溫室效應情形繼續惡化。澎湖為具有發展風力發電潛能之地點，若以島上火力發電廠所排放的二氧化碳，與本研究所建議之藻油萃取方法結合，評估設置藻油生產廠之可行性，可以達成減碳及綠色製程之本意。

It is known that oil extraction processes may require large amounts of organic solvents, which have adverse effects on the nutritional and functional properties of the extracted compounds as well as on human health. Therefore, it is essential to develop novel approach of lipid extraction, which is an effective eco-friendly process.
We utilized SimaPro 7.3 as the life cycle assessment tool with Eco-indicator 99 method to evaluate the environmental impact of various microalgae oil extraction. The extractants taken into account include chloroform and methanol (Scenario A), dichloromethane and methanol (Scenario B), isopropanol and cyclohexane (Scenario C), supercritical-CO2 (Scenario D), CO2-expanded methanol (Scenario E), and CO2-expanded ethanol (Scenario F) respectively. The goal of our LCA calculation is to quantitatively interpret the overall environmental impacts in the end of microalgae oil extraction by different extraction methods when 1 kg microalgae oil is extracted (function unit). To achieve this objective, individual input energy (electricity), raw material (extractant), and process (electricity) are taken into account and converted into the equivalent extractant/power consumption. A linear correlation between usage and power consumption is assumed to convert experimental data into function unit.
In this study, environmental impact of extractants in Scenario D, E and F are relative low. Take electricity into considerate, environmental impact of Scenario D is highest and electricity cost of producing one unit of microalgae is the highest over others; environmental impact of Scenario E and F are low and low electricity cost. To achieve the goal of green technology, we assess viability of solar power and wind power for alternative energy. Environmental impact of Scenario D is only one third and one fourth when solar and wind energy is applied. The carbon footprint of Scenario D is only one twelfth and one twenty fourth when solar and wind energy is applied; the carbon footprint of Scenario E and F are both lower than other scenarios.
The comparison indicates that both Scenario E and F are the relative appropriate methods for extracting microalgae lipids because their low carbon emission, low cost and eco-friendly. Finally, Penghu of Taiwan has been considered a potential location for developing renewable energy such as wind. Using CO2 emitted from local thermal power plant as carbon source, combining with optimized extraction method proposed in this study, to establish a microalgae oil plant at Penghu of Taiwan.

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