利用同號雙輕子訊號在強子對撞機中尋找重馬約拉納微中子

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研究生：	潘維平 Pan, Wei-Ping
論文名稱：	利用同號雙輕子訊號在強子對撞機中尋找重馬約拉納微中子 Probing the Heavy Majorana Neutrino by Same-Sign Dilepton Signal at Proton-Proton Collider
指導教授：	張維甫 Chang, We-Fu
口試委員:	倪維斗 Ni, Wei-Tou 張敬民 Cheung, Kingman 徐百嫻 Hsu, Pai-hsien Jennifer 李湘楠 Li, Hsiang-nan 林貴林 Lin, Guey-Lin
學位類別：	博士 Doctor
系所名稱：	理學院 - 物理學系 Department of Physics
論文出版年：	2016
畢業學年度：	104
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	136
中文關鍵詞：	馬約拉納、微中子、同號雙輕子、強子的撞機
外文關鍵詞：	Majorana, neutrino, same-sign dilepton, proton-proton collider
相關次數：	點閱：3 下載：0
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論文中探討了在大型強子對撞機(LHC)和未來的質子對撞機(FCC-hh/SPPC)中找到質量為100 GeV ~ 10 TeV 馬約拉納微中子的可能性。我們發現輕子數不守恒的過程：p p → l± l′± j j是馬約拉納微中子在14/100 TeV 強子對撞機中的一個重要的訊號。為了了解馬約拉納在強子對撞機中的特性，我們研究了兩個簡化的有效模型，一個在標準模型的架構上增加了右手微中子並混合了左右手微中子、另一個是帶著一個質量約在TeV的馬學拉納微中子的簡化左右對稱模型。基於論文中發現的特性，我們分別對兩個模型提出提高馬約拉納微中子訊雜比的策略和演算法，然後也討論了在未來的強子對撞機中驗證這些模型的潛力。

In the thesis, we study the potential of discovering Majorana neutrino in the mass range from 100 GeV to 10 TeV at the LHC (Run II) and the future FCC-hh/SPPC with luminosities 3 ab−1. The lepton number violating process p p → l± l′± j j will be a significant probe for a Majorana neutrino at the 14/100 TeV proton-proton collider. To illustrate the essential physics, we study a simplified model with mixing between the left-handed and the right- handed neutrinos, also a left-right symmetric model with a TeV level Majorana neutrino. Some strategies and algorithms are proposed to enhance the signal to background ratio for each model. Moreover, the discovery potential for each model at the current and future proton-proton colliders is also discussed.

List of Figures v List of Tables vii
 I 1
2
Background and Motivation 1
The Standard Model 3 1.1 QuantumFieldTheory....................... 4 1.2 Fields,ParticlesandGaugeGroups................ 4
Neutrinos 9
1 TheNeutrino ............................ 10
2 TheMassofNeutrino ....................... 11
2.1 Type-0............................ 11 2.2.2 Type-ISeesawModel ................... 12 2.2.3 Type-IISeesawModel ................... 12 2.2.4 Type-IIISeesawModel .................. 13 2.2.5 ZeeModel.......................... 13
Heavy Majorana Neutrino 15
Heavy Majorana Neutrino 17
1 Introduction............................. 18
1.1 TheEffectiveLagrangian ................. 18
1.2 ∆L=±1 .......................... 20
1.3 ∆L=±2 .......................... 21
1.4 The Flavor Changing Same-Sign Events . . . . . . . . . 22
2 TheParameters........................... 22 3.2.1 TheMixingAngleV’s................... 23 3.2.2 Vν .............................. 23 3.2.3 TheMisidentificationRateδ ............... 23
The S-channel dominant mass region 27
1 TheSingleNProduction...................... 28 4.1.1 TheContributionfromthePDF ............. 31
2 MadGraphSimulation ....................... 33
2.1 SomeSelectionsafterDELPHES............. 34
2.2 TheResonanceoftheWBoson.............. 35
2.3 The Resonance of the Majorana Neutrino . . . . . . . . 37
2.4 CutFlow .......................... 38
3 pT DistributionoftheSame-SignDileptons . . . . . . . . . . . 39 4.3.1 Simulations ......................... 40 4.3.2 plT,pLT Comparison..................... 42
4 BackgroundandStatistics..................... 46
4.1 TheSMIrreducibleBackground . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
4.2 The Fake Lepton and Charge Flip Backgrounds . . . . . 47
4.3 TheEventNumberoftheBackgrounds . . . . . . . . . 48
4.4 Semi-Model-Independent Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.5 Statistic........................... 50
5 Constraintson95%C.L....................... 51
6 S-channelEventofType-IseesawLikeModel . . . . . . . . . . 53
The T-channel Dominant Mass Region 55 5.1 T-channelvsS-channel....................... 56
III 6
3 DataGeneration .......................... 63 5.3.1 AfterDELPHES ...................... 64 5.3.2 KineticDistributions.................... 65
4 CutFlowandBackground..................... 67 5.4.1 CutFlow .......................... 68 5.4.2 Backgrounds ........................ 69 5.4.3 Statistics .......................... 70
5 95%C.L.ontheMixingAngle .................. 70 5.5.1 Mass-DependenceCuts .................. 72
6 ConclusionandImprovement ................... 74
Left-Right symmetric model 75
The Left-Right Symmetric Model 77
1 Introduction............................. 78
2 The Simplified Left-Right Symmetric Model . . . . . . . . . . . 79
3 BranchingRatioandtheMassHierarchy. . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
3.1 BranchingRatioB(N→l±jj).............. 81 6.3.2 BranchingRatioB(WR± →l±l±jj) . . . . . . . . . . . 81 6.3.3 MN<MWR ......................... 82 6.3.4 MN>MWR ......................... 83
4 A4-bodyCorrelatedKineticVariable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
5 SurvivalRate............................ 86
6 TheCuts .............................. 88 6.6.1 pTs.............................. 88 6.6.2 Ml2,j1,j2 ........................... 89 6.6.3 Ml1,l2,j1,j2 .......................... 89 6.6.4 E............................... 90
7 Constraints ............................. 91
7.1 CrossSectionandSurvivalEvents . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
7.2 Mass-DependentCuts ................... 95
7.3 MN=1MWR ........................ 96 2
7.4 MN=MWR±0.1TeV................... 97
7.5 MN=2MWR ........................ 98
8 Conclusion ............................. 99
Summary and conclusion 101
A Appendix 105 A.1 The pT Distribution of the Same-Sign Dileptons . . . . . . . . 106 A.1.1 plT .............................. 106 A.1.2 pLT .............................. 107 A.2 Decaywidths ............................ 109
Bibliography 111
                                

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