撒哈拉沙漠以南非洲女性長期在家庭與社會中面臨地位低下的困境。有鑑於近年來撒哈拉沙漠以南非洲地區手機擁有率不斷提升，且手機能大幅降低資訊取得成本與鞏固社交網絡，女性的地位可望因擁有手機而提升。本研究探討手機持有將如何影響東非坦尚尼亞共和國女性於社會與家庭之地位，使用2015至2016年間該國之人口與健康調查 (Demographic and Health Survey)資料，以區域人口密度與一年內之遠行次數為工具變數解決內生性問題。研究發現手機顯著使女性在經濟上更為獨立並降低其結婚機率且延後女性步入婚姻的時間，亦顯著使得女性參與部分的家庭重要決策。社會地位方面，雖未發現手機能顯著改善女性反對割禮之態度與家庭暴力之發生，但仍發現教育程度對婦女反對女性割禮有顯著之正向影響。因此本文認為坦尚尼亞女性透過手機延伸並鞏固社交網絡進而提升其經濟自主能力與社會地位，為實現撒哈拉沙漠以南非洲女性賦權之重要工具。

While women in sub-Saharan Africa have long been treated unequally in their family and society, mobile phone ownership has become a common phenomenon among sub-Saharan Africa countries, which could change the life of women. This study focuses on how mobile phone ownership affects women’s status in Tanzania by using Demographic Health Survey (DHS) data in 2015 and 2016. The population density in different regions is adopted as the instrument variable to identify the effect of mobile phone ownership on a variety of outcome variables related to the socio-economic status of women. The major finding is that owning a mobile phone enhances women’s economic status and bargaining power within households, delays women’s marriage, and prevents women from the threat of severe domestic violence. I also find that the education is vital in determining women’s attitude toward rejecting Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) and women’s household bargaining power.
Overall the findings suggest that access to mobile phones could be a possible tool to empower Tanzanian women by extending and strengthening their social network.

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