研究生: |
何蕙齡 |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
以字理識字為主的錯字補救教學研究 |
指導教授: | 黃陶陶 |
口試委員: | |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
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論文出版年: | 2007 |
畢業學年度: | 95 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 312 |
中文關鍵詞: | 字理識字 、錯字 、錯字補救教學 |
外文關鍵詞: | literacy by recognizing structures and principles of characters, wrongly written characters, remedial teaching of wrongly written characters |
相關次數: | 點閱:2 下載:0 |
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錯字、別字普遍存在於學生的各項書寫作業當中,識字雖然是語文教學的重點,但錯別字的補救教學卻一直未受重視。目前學生的識字方法仍多停留在機械式的抄寫階段,對於中國文字的三要素-形、音、義,未能以理解方式作有效的連結。
對於字的形音義未能以理解方式作有效的連結,也是導致學生寫錯字的主要原因,其他原因還包括字數繁多認字困難、無法依聲符判讀出正確的字音、同音字太多易造成混淆、筆形複雜筆畫繁多、形體相似容易混淆、音形相近字義卻不同、符號化,看不出構字原理等。
字理識字教學法自1991年在中國大陸進行實驗方案以來,引起廣泛重視與討論,被視為是解決中國文字初學繁難問題的有效途徑。其理論構想要點有三:一、依據中國文字結構和形義關係;二、意義記憶優於機械記憶;三、化抽象符號為形象聯想。如此看來,若能以字理做為識字或錯字補救教學方法,應當可讓學生運用理解的方式將字的形音義作一有效的連結。但由於部分中國文字經過隸變後,已失去原有的理據性,不全然適用字理解說,必須搭配其他識字教學法。
本研究旨在透過實際施測,有效掌握學生容易寫錯的字,進一步分析其寫錯字的原因,並藉由以字理識字教學法為主的錯字補救教學活動,探討改正學生錯字的成效,以提供國小教師作為實施錯字補救教學時的參考。期望能喚起教育工作者對識字教學及錯字補救教學的重視,有效減少學童的錯字。
本研究以桃園市同安國小三年級的學生為對象,進行十五週的行動研究,所獲致的結論為:
一、字理識字可作為生字及錯字補救教學的主要方法。
二、部首識字和部件識字可作為生字及錯字補救教學的輔助方法。
三、形聲字識字和奇特聯想識字亦可作為生字及錯字補救教學的輔助方法。
四、無理據的字不適用字理識字教學法。
五、錯字補救教學有助於學生識字和改正錯字。
最後根據研究結果提出建議,以供教師、教材編輯者、後續研究者及教育主管機關參考。
關鍵字:字理識字、錯字、錯字補救教學
Abstract
Wrongly written characters and wrong characters generally exist in writing homework of students'. To become literate is a focal point of teaching Chinese, but the remedial teaching of misspelled characters has not been emphasized for a long time. Contemporarily, students’ methods of cultivating literacy still remain at the stage of copying or transcribing in a mechanical type. For hitting three key elements of Chinese words, i.e., accidence, pronunciation, and meaning, it fails to link up effectively in the way of understandability.
The accidence, pronounce, and meaning of words are unsuccessful to effectively link up in the way of understandability is also the main factor of causing students to write the wrongly written characters. The others include numerous words, difficulty in literacy, unable to judge the correct pronunciation in accordance with symbol of pronunciation, too many paronyms causing confusion, complicated accidence, various strokes, similar accidence apt to be obscure, resembling pronunciation and accidence with different meaning, symbol without any meaning, disable to find out the principle of word structure, and etc.
The method of teaching literacy by recognizing structures and principles of characters has brought extensive attention and discussion since it is carried on the experiment scheme in Mainland China in 1991. In addition, it is also regarded as the effective way in solving the arduous problems of studying Chinese words in primary stage. The points of this method structure are three: Firstly, it is in compliance with the word structure and the correlation between accidence and meaning. Secondly, meaning memory is superior to mechanical retention. Thirdly, abstract symbols are transferred into image connection. Consequently, it should help students use understanding manner to effectively link up accidence, pronunciation, and meaning together if the character principal is executed as literacy or remedial teaching method of wrongly written characters. However, parts of Chinese words have already lost the original meaning after gradual modification. It is not completely suitable to character principal and needs to complement extra teaching method of literacy.
Through the practical experiment, the aim of this research is to know the wrongly written words which students easily commit. Furthermore, it analyzes the reasons of students’ error. Most important of all, the remedial teaching activities of wrongly written characters, mainly the method of teaching literacy by knowing structures and principles of characters, are assumed to evaluate the effort of correcting students’ wrong characters and provide the reference for elementary school teachers while implementing the remedial teaching of wrong characters. It is expected to invite the attention of literacy and remedial teaching method of wrongly written characters to educators and also hoped to effectively reduce wrongly written characters of pupils.
This research takes the third grade of Taoyuan County Tong An elementary school students as the sample and carries on action research of 15 weeks. And the conclusion obtained is:
Firstly, literacy by knowing structures and principles of characters can be the main way of learning new words and the remedial teaching method of wrongly written characters.
Secondly, radical literacy and components literacy can be the subordinate way of learning new words and the remedial teaching method of wrongly written characters.
Thirdly, pictophonetic characters literacy and special imagine literacy can also be the subordinate way of learning new words and the remedial teaching method of wrongly written characters.
Fourthly, characters without basis are not suitable to the method of teaching literacy by knowing structures and principles of characters.
Fifthly, remedial teaching of wrongly written characters facilitates students’ literacy and correction of wrongly written characters.
Finally, suggestion is offered to teachers, editors of teaching materials, succeeding researchers, and educational apparatus according to the result of research.
Key words: literacy by recognizing structures and principles of characters, wrongly written characters, remedial teaching of wrongly written characters
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