中文摘要
氫氧基磷灰石為人體骨骼中礦物質的主要成份，具有良好的生物適應性、無細胞毒性、且可與骨頭形成良好的鍵結等優點，因此廣泛地被研究與使用，具抗菌性質之生醫材料可延伸其保存期限與應用，並可預防患部之感染。合成氫氧基磷灰石的方法包括有化學共沉法、固態反應法、水熱法、溶膠-凝膠法(sol-gel route)。

本研究係利用溶膠-凝膠法合成氫氧基磷灰石，並以銀或鋅作為添加，研究其合成機制與最佳條件。材料抗菌試驗所用菌株為Streptococcus mutans(ATCC 25175)，係造成牙菌斑及齟齒之主要菌株。

在溶膠-凝膠法合成氫氧基磷灰石之研究中，實驗結果顯示以硝酸鈣與TEP作為鈣與磷之來源，以酒精為溶劑者經80℃、16小時的時效，80℃、48小時膠化乾燥，350℃以上煆燒即可得到氫氧基磷灰石，以Methoxy ethanol為溶劑者則需650℃以上之煆燒才可得到氫氧基磷灰石。時效過程之主要反應機制為TEP的水解與前趨物的重新排列。550℃以上的煆燒會有氧化鈣的生成，膠體熱性質分析配合XRD的結果可得知中間產物的生成並推知氧化鈣生成之機制。20000ppm以下的銀或鋅添加之樣品經煆燒後，均可得到氫氧基磷灰石之生成，而Ag：Ca=2：9者可得到無法從JCPD中對照之新相。所得樣品經ICP-AES測試後求得之鈣磷比較氫氧基磷灰石之理想值低。

Streptococcus mutans菌株係於37℃下靜置培養，在BHIA(brain heart infusionagar)平板培養基上菌落間會有相互抑制現象，菌落半徑可由0.1mm~4mm。在BHI液態培養基中繁殖一代須2小時，最高菌數可達109CFU/mL，於4℃下可保存三個月。添加銀20000ppm及添加鋅2000ppm之樣品於BHI培養液中不會有明顯銀或鋅之釋出，且在液態培養基中不會釋出物質抑制菌生長。Streptococcus mutans菌體不會趨離氫氧基磷灰石生長，而菌體不會趨向添加銀20000ppm及添加鋅2000ppm之樣品生長。將添加銀20000ppm以上，及鋅2000ppm以上之材料置於固體培養基可明顯看到菌體抑制圈。

Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is the major component of the inorganic part in bone. Because HA has the advantages, such as excellent bio-compatibility, free of cell toxicity, and form strong bonding to bone, it has been widely studied and used. Biomaterials with anti-bacterial property will extend reservation period and applications, and will help to prevent the infection of injured. There are many methods used to synthesize HA, including chemical precipitation, solid state reaction, hydrothermal synthesis, sol-gel route, and so on. In this study, sol-gel route was applied to synthesize HA, with addition of silver or zinc ions. Synthetic mechanisms and optimal processing parameters (conditions) were investigated. Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), an etiological agent of human caries and plaques, was applied in the anti-bacterial in vitro tests.

In the study of synthesis of HA by sol-gel route, results showed that when Ca(NO3)2 and TEP were used as sources of calcium and phosphorus respectively, alcohol as solvent, 16 hours aging under at 80℃, 24 hours gelation and dried under 80℃, then calcined above 350℃ will lead to HA phase. When 2-methoxy ethanol is used as the solvent the calcination has to be above 650℃ to obtain HA. The major mechanisms of aging are the hydrolysis of TEP and the rearrangements of precursor. CaO impurity would be produced after samples being calcined above 550℃. Comparing the TG/DTA and XRD data lead to the formation mechanisms of intermediates and CaO. HA would be produced for samples added with silver or zinc below 20000ppm. The one with Ag：Ca=2：9 would result in a new phase that could out be indexed in existing JCPD cards. The ICP-AES data of obtained HA samples showed a lower value of Ca/P than the ideal HA.

Streptococcus mutans was cultured at 37℃. When they were cultured on BHIA (brain heart infusion agar) medium the colonies showed inhibiting effects to each other. The radius of colonies ranged from 0.1mm to 4mm. In BHI medium, the doubling time was 2 hours, the maximum cell concentrations reached 109 CFU/mL. Streptococcus mutans can be preserved for tree months under 4℃. In BHI medium, sample C (20000ppm silver added) and sample F (zinc 2000ppm added) would not release silver or zinc ions obviously, and would not inhibit the growth of cells. Streptococcus mutans would reject to grow on samples C and F, but not for HA. Anti-bacterial circles can be seen when these samples (above 20000ppm silver or 2000ppm zinc) were put on BHIA medium.

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