由於乙醇氧化反應（EOR）的緩慢動力學限制了它們在燃料電池的開發中的廣泛應用。在這個研究，我們設計了不同組成的均勻分散In-Pd奈米顆粒，這種奈米顆粒具有高催化活性，使用不同前驅物及界面活性劑製備。為了證明In-Pd奈米顆粒的性質，我們採用了以下幾種分析，如穿透式電子顯微鏡 (Transmission electron microscope, TEM)，X射線光電子能譜儀 (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS)和X射線繞射儀 (X-ray diffraction, XRD)。將奈米粒子負載在合適的碳黑上並在鹼性介質中進行乙醇氧化反應，並利用循環伏安法來測試觸媒表面的催化性質。並使用 密度泛函理論 (density functional theory, DFT)計算來演示銦如何促進乙醇氧化反映。 其中In3Pd2納米粒子（~3.7 nm）具有最高的催化性，具有顯著低含量的鈀，由於在銦上產生游離OH自由基，促進氧化物去除CO自由基並與相鄰鈀活性位點上的CH3CO基團結合形成醋酸根。

The slow kinetics of the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) plays a crucial role in the development of fuel cells, which limits their widespread use. Here, we design the different compositions of monodispersed In-Pd nanoparticles with high eletrocatalytic reactivity for EOR, which were prepared via one-pot approach, using metal precursors dissolved in surfactants mixtures. To demonstrate the nature characteristic of In-Pd nanoparticles, several analyses such as TEM, XPS and XRD were used. The nanoparticles were loaded on suitable carbon black and performed in alkaline media for electro-oxidation reaction. Cyclic voltammetry and oxidation of adsorbed CO were used to probe the surface conditions. We present a combined experimental and DFT calculation to demonstrate how incorporation of Indium can promote the activity of EOR. The In3Pd2 nanoparticles (~3.7 nm) is the most active catalyst with the significant low amount of Pd, resulting in promoting the oxidative removal of CO radicals and combination with CH3CO radicals on adjacent Pd active sites due to the generation of free OH radicals on indium sites.

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