簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

回結果列表
研究生： 莊子弘
論文名稱： 利用調變轉換函數探討數位影像相關法之誤差
USING MODULATION TRANSFER FUNCTION TO INVESTIGATE THE ERROR OF THE DIGITAL IMAGE CORRELATION METHOD
指導教授： 王偉中
口試委員: 羅鵬飛
蔣長榮
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 動力機械工程學系
Department of Power Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年： 2012
畢業學年度： 100
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 147
中文關鍵詞： 數位影像相關法、調變轉換函數、景深誤差、校正試片、特徵斑點、空間濾波器
相關次數： 點閱：2  下載：0 
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報

    • 本研究應用數位影像相關(Digital Image Correlation, DIC)法，透過以調變轉換函數(Modulation Transfer Function, MTF)量測之校正板為基礎的測試程序，量測物體在不同景深移動下相機鏡頭的MTF曲線；並探討當物體變形過程中，因超出景深使得拍攝過程中取像逐漸模糊，而無法維持DIC法原有之精確度。研究中藉由剛體平移實驗，以鏡頭MTF曲線建立一標準，針對鏡頭的解像力和DIC法分析之結果做連結，由MTF曲線以得知DIC法在不同景深下所對應位置之位移誤差，以及特徵斑點影像比對上之可行分析範圍。
    本研究亦探討DIC法實驗中影響影像品質的兩大要素，即光源和特徵斑點大小分佈；利用控制電荷耦合元件(Charge-Coupled Device，CCD)相機之快門速度和光圈大小以探討進光量對DIC系統之誤差影響範圍，並製造不同種特徵斑點大小與分佈，以探討對位移誤差之影響。最後針對上述進光量與特徵斑點選取之兩條件調整後，建立一套創新的影像校正流程，藉由試片表面的特徵斑點所產生的 MTF曲線，來評估物體在不同景深位置下DIC法之位移誤差。

    目錄 一、簡介 1 二、文獻回顧............................................................................................4 2.1 數位影像相關法.........................................................................4 2.2 調變轉換函數...........................................................................10 三、實驗原理..........................................................................................14 3.1 數位影像相關法.......................................................................14 3.2 變形與位移...............................................................................15 3.3 相關函數...................................................................................17 3.4 數值方法...................................................................................19 3.4.1 粗-細法 20 3.4.2 牛頓-拉福森法...............................................................23 3.5 影像重建...................................................................................27 3.5.1雙線性內插法.................................................................28 3.5.2 雙立方內插法................................................................29 3.5.3 雙立方樣條內插法........................................................30 3.6 3D-DIC法相機模型..........................................................31 3.7 理想相機參數計算流程...........................................................36 3.8 相機參數最佳化計算...............................................................42 3.9 影像校正討論...........................................................................43 3.10 調變轉換函數基本定義.........................................................45 3.11 MTF測試圖介紹與量測方式.................................................48 四、實驗裝置與試片 51 4.1實驗裝置 51 4.2實驗試片 55 4.3 MTF測試板...............................................................................55 五、實驗程序 56 5.1 試片製作 56 5.2 相機校正程序 57 5.3 DIC法分析變形程序 58 5.4 相機MTF曲線量測流程 59 5.5 試片取像 62 5.5.1 DIC系統靜態誤差之量測.............................................62 5.5.2剛體平移實驗.................................................................62 5.6 光強分佈實驗流程 64 5.7 特徵斑點實驗流程 65 5.8 以特徵斑點分析MTF曲線之DIC法位移評估 66 六、結果與討論........................................................................................69 6.1 DIC系統靜態誤差分析............................................................69 6.2 剛體平移實驗結果...................................................................70 6.3 鏡頭MTF曲線量測結果.........................................................71 6.4 光強分佈實驗分析結果...........................................................73 6.5 特徵斑點實驗分析結果...........................................................75 6.6 以特徵斑點分析MTF曲線之DIC法位移評估結果............77 6.6.1 DIC法位移誤差分析結果.............................................77 6.6.2 以特徵斑點分析MTF曲線分析結果..........................81 七、結論與未來展望 85 7.1 結論 85 7.2 未來展望 88 八、參考文獻...........................................................................................91

    [1] W. H. Peters and W. F. Ranson, “Digital Imaging Techniques in Experimental Stress Analysis”, Optical Engineering, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 427-431, 1982.
    [2] M. A. Sutton, W. J. Wolters, W. H. Peters, W. F. Ranson and S. R. McNeill, “Determination of Displacements Using an Improved Digital Image Correlation Method”, Image and Vision Computing, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 133-139, 1983.
    [3] W. H. Peters, W. F. Ranson, T. C. Chu and J. Anderson, “Application of Digital Correlation Methods to Rigid Body Mechanics”, Optical Engineering, Vol. 22, No .6, pp. 738-742, 1983.
    [4] T. C. Chu, W. F. Ranson, M. A. Sutton and W. H. Peters, “Applications of Digital-Image-Correlation Techniques to Experimental Mechanics”, Experimental Mechanics, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 232-244, 1985.
    [5] M. A. Sutton, M. Cheng, W. H. Peters, Y. J. Chao and S. R. McNeill, “Application of an Optimized Digital Correlation Method to Planar Deformation Analysis”, Image and Vision Computing, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 143-150, 1986.
    [6] M. A. Sutton, S. R. McNeil, J. Jang and M. Babai, “Effect of Subpixel Image Restoration on Digital Image Correlation Estimates”, Optical Engineering, Vol. 27, No. 10, pp. 870-877, 1988.
    [7] H. A. Bruck, S. R. McNeill, M. A. Sutton and W. H. Peters, “Digital Image Correlation Using Newton-Raphson Method of Partial Differential Correlation”, Experimental Mechanics, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 261-267, 1989.
    [8] Z. L. Kahn-Jetter and T. C. Chu, “Three-dimensional Displacement Measurements Using Digital Image Correlation and Photogrammic Analysis”, Experimental Mechanics, Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 10-16, 1990.
    [9] P. F. Luo, Y. J. Chao, M. A. Sutton and W. H. Peters III, “Accurate Measurement of Three-dimensional Deformations in Deformable and Rigid Bodies Using Computer Vision”, Experimental Mechanics, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 123-132, 1993.
    [10] H. Lu and P. D. Cary, “Deformation Measurements by Digital Image Correlation: Implementation of a Second-Order Displacement Gradient”, Experimental Mechanics, Vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 393-400, 2000.
    [11] R. Y. Tsai, “A Versatile Camera Calibration Technique for High-accuracy 3D Machine Vision Metrology Using Off-the-shelf TV Cameras and Lenses”, IEEE Journal of Robotics and Automation, Vol. RA-3, No. 4, pp. 323-344, 1987.
    [12] J. Weng, P. Cohen, and M. Herniou, “Camera Calibration with Distortion Models and Accuracy Evaluation”, IEEE Journal of Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 14, No. 10, pp. 965-980, 1992.
    [13] F. Dornaika and C. Garcia, “Robust Camera Calibration Using 2D to 3D Feature Correspondences”, SPIE Proceedings, Vol. 3174, pp. 123-133, 1997.
    [14] H. W. Schreier , J. R. Braasch and M. A. Sutton, “Systematic Errors in Digital Image Correlation Caused by Intensity Interpolation”, SPIE Proceedings, Vol. 39, No. 11, November 2000.
    [15] Hubert W. Schreier and M. A. Sutton, “Systematic Errors in Digital Image　Correlation Due　to　Undermatched　Subset　Shape Functions”, Experimental Mechanics, Vol. 42, No. 3, September 2002.
    [16] Z. Y. Wang, H. Q. Li, J. W. Tong and J. T. Ruan, “Statistical Analysis of the Effect of Intensity Pattern Noise on the Displacement Measurement Precision of Digital Image Correlation Using Self-correlated Images”, Experimental Mechanics, Vol. 47, pp. 701-707, 2007.
    [17] X. Ke, M. A. Sutton, S. M. Lessner and M. Yost, “Robust Stereo Vision And Calibration Methodology for Accurate Three-dimensional Digital Image Correlation Measurements on Submerged Objects”, The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design, Vol. 43, No. 8, pp. 689-704, 2008.
    [18] Z. Sun, J. S. Lyons and S. R. McNeill, “Measuring Microscopic Deformation with Digital Image Correlation,” Optics and Lasers in Engineering 27, pp. 409-428, 1997
    [19] G. Vendroux and W. G. Knauss, “Submicron Deformation Field Measurements: Part 1. Developing a Digital Scanning Tunneling Microscope ”, Experimental Mechanics, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 18-23, 1998.
    [20] H. Jin and H. A. Bruck, “Evaluation of Nanoscale Deformation Measurements Using an Objective AFM and Pointwise Digital Image Correlation”, Proceedings of the 2004 SEM X International Congress & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, pp. 70-74, Costa Mesa, California USA, June 7-10, 2004.
    [21] S. Bochner and K. Chandrasekharan ,“Fourier Transforms”, Princeton University Press, U.S.A., 1949.
    [22] http://www.digital.idv.tw/DIGITAL/Classroom/MROH-CLASS/oh71/index-71.htm
    [23] P. Elias and D. S. Grey, “Fourier Treatment of Optical Processes”, Journal of the Optical Society of America, Vol. 42, No. 2, pp.127-133, 1952
    [24] O. H. Schade, Sr, “Optical and Photoelectric Analog of the Eye”, Journal of the Optical Society of America, Vol. 46, No. 9, pp.721-739, 1956
    [25] A. Papoulis, “The Fourier Integral and Its Applications”, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1962
    [26] A. W. Lohmann and D. P. Paris, “Space-variant Image Formation”, Journal of the Optical Society of America, Vol. 55, No. 8, pp.1007-1013, 1965
    [27] F. Abbott, “Practical Aspects of Transfer Function Measurement”, Itke Corporatuon, SPIE Proceedings, 1968
    [28] S. H. Lerman, “Application of The Fast Fourier Transform to the Calculation of The Optical Transfer Function”, Itke Corporatuon, SPIE. Proceedings, 1968
    [29] K. J. Rosenbruch, “The Meaning of the Phase Transfer Function and the Modular Transfer Function in Using OTF as a Criterion for Image Quality”, Optik Vol. 38, p178, Germany, 1980
    [30] A. Daniels, G. D. Boreman, A. D. Ducharme, “Random Transparency Targets for Modulation Transfer Function Measurement in the Visible and Infrared Regions”, Optical Engineering, Vol. 34, pp. 860-868, 1995
    [31] 沈宏燦, “人工網膜於活體兔子之機械性質與變形之探討”, 國立清華大學動力機械工程學系碩士論文, 2007.
    [32] 張廷宇, “應用數位影像相關法探討人工網膜與動物筋膜之變形與機械性質”, 國立清華大學動力機械工程學系碩士論文, 2008.
    [33] 陳柏甫, “三維數位影像相關法之新校正程序”, 國立清華大學動力機械工程學系碩士論文, 2010.
    [34] T. Ikeda, N. Shishido, N. Miyazak, “Full-field Displacement Measurement Using Digital Image Correlation Method for a Laser Scanning Microscopic Image”, 3rd International Symposium on Advanced Fluid/Solid Science and Technology in Experimental Mechanics, Tainan, Taiwan, 7-10 December, 2008.
    [35] A. McAndrew, 徐曉珮譯, “數位影像處理”, 高立圖書有限公司, 2005.
    [36] 周志賢, “應用次像素插值方法改善印刷電路板缺陷直接檢測之可行性評估”, 國立清華大學動力機械工程學系碩士論文, 2003.
    [37] J. D. Helm, S. R. McNeill and M. A. Sutton, “Improve Three-dimensional Image Correlation for Surface Displacement Measurement”, Optical Engineering, Vol. 35 No. 7, pp. 1911-1920, 1996.
    [38] Y. S. Chen, S. W. Shih, Y. P. Hung, and C. S. Fuh, “Simple and Efficient Method of Calibrating a Motorized Zoom Lens,” Image and Vision Computing, Vol. 19, No. 14, pp. 1099-1110, 2001.
    [39] http://www.correlatedsolutions.com/
    [40] M. A. Sutton, J. J. Orteu, and H. W. Schreier, “Image Correlation for Shape, Motion and Deformation Measurements”, Springer, New York, U.S.A., 2009.
    [41] http://www.alliedvisiontec.com/
    [42] 吳明頤, “調制傳遞函數量測儀器製作之研究”, 國立中央大學光電科學學系碩士論文, 2001.
    [43] 張鎬鵬, “光學成像系統之調變轉換函數理論”, 國立成功大學機械工程學系碩士論文, 2005.
    [44] http://forum.hkas.org.hk/viewthread.php?tid=4589
    [45] http://www.normankoren.com/Tutorials/MTF.html
    [46] http://www.imatest.com/docs/sharpness.html
    [47] http://www.alliedvisiontec.com/
    [48] http://www.schneider-kreuznach.com/kodak.htm
    [49] http://www.moritex.com.tw/
    [50] http://www.velbon.cn/gb/index.html
    [51] 林育生,“導光板於不同溫濕負載下翹曲量之實驗與數值探討”, 國立清華大學動力機械工程學系碩士論文, 2011.
    [52] http://tw.suruga-ost.com/company/
    [53] http://www.orientalmotor.com/
    [54] http://www.zaber.com/
    [55] http://www.zaber.com/wiki
    [56] http://www.newport.com/
    [57] Vic-3D 2007 Testing Guide, Correlated Solutions Co., 2007.
    [58] http://www.aig-imaging.com/
    [59] http://www.mathworks.com/products/matlab/
    [60] http://www.microsoft.com/zh-tw/default.aspx
    [61] http://www.originlab.com/index.aspx?go=Products/OriginPro
    [62] 黃吉宏, 王偉中, 陳永祥, 莊子弘, 廖泰杉,“利用特徵斑點進行調變轉換以評價影像之系統及其方法”, 財團法人國家實驗研究院,專利號ITRC-S-101015-E2, 2012.

    無法下載圖示 全文公開日期 本全文未授權公開 (校內網路)
    全文公開日期 本全文未授權公開 (校外網路)
    全文公開日期 本全文未授權公開 (國家圖書館：臺灣博碩士論文系統)
    QR CODE