隨著科技的日新月異，無線網路帶來的便利性已逐漸使其成為現今社會的重要趨勢。近年來，有關無線感測網路的研究日益增加，並衍生出許多的應用。大多數無線感測網路的研究都屬於小範圍的感測環境，而本研究則著重於大區域的感測環境，目的在於延長整體壽命。本研究利用叢集式感測網路的概念來分割區域以傳送資料，並且使用適性化機制中的合併法與動態路由法來延長整體網路的壽命。本研究採用高能量優先法來決定叢集頭，使同一叢集的感測節點能平均的耗能以達到延長壽命之目的。本研究採用最低能量傳輸的方式來傳送資料，並加入了睡眠模式以及資料聚集等方法來節省傳輸節點耗電量。由於離基地台較近的感測節點必須傳送更多的資料，所以當其電量較低時會以適性式機制限制轉傳來延長整體網路的壽命。模擬實驗的結果顯示本文所提出的方法可以有效的延長無線感測網路的壽命，並可適用於不同基地台位置的網路拓樸。

As the advance of technology, the convenience of wireless networks makes it an important trend in our society nowadays. In recent years, the researches about wireless sensor network have increased with many related applications. Most previous researches in wireless sensor networks belonged to small-area sensor environments, while the objective of this study was to extend the lifetime of a large-area wireless sensor network. This study divided a sensor environment into different areas to transmit data according to the concept of cluster-based wireless sensor network, and used merge and dynamic routing mechanisms to extend its lifetime. The High Energy First (HEF) method was adopted to determine the cluster head such that the sensor nodes in a cluster would consume energy evenly to extend their lifetimes. A multi-hop routing mechanism was used to transmit data for saving as much energy as possible, incorporated with the sleeping mode and data aggregation scheme to further reduce power consumption. Since the sensor nodes close to the base station had to transmit more data, routing through these nodes would be limited when their power was low by an adaptive mechanism to extend the lifetime of overall network. Simulation results showed that the method proposed in this study could effectively extend the lifetime of wireless sensor networks, and it is suitable for network topologies with different base-station positions.

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