本論文考量時間價值，以利潤最大化為目標，探討消費性產品 (commercial products) 在封閉迴圈供應鏈 (Closed-loop supply chain) 內的各個處理程序的流程時間對於利潤的影響，也研究產品特性如何影響封閉迴圈供應鏈架構的選擇。
本研究結合測試方法為Centralized或是Decentralized與再製工廠型態為Focus或是General建立了Centralized-Focus (CF), Centralized-General (CG), Decentralized-Focus (DF), Decentralized-General (DG)這四種封閉迴圈供應鏈架構，再以等候線理論 (Queueing Theory) 來估算封閉迴圈供應鏈中每個設施的平均流程時間。在考量時間價值的前提下，根據平均流程時間建立每個架構的利潤方程式。我們運用敏感度分析探討產品特性例如退回品速率、新退回品比例、主要市場與次要市場價格、新產品與再製成本、時間折舊率等對架構選擇的影響。例如，我們發現當顧客將產品退回的退回品速率增加時，廠商會傾向於使用DG架構，當再製成本隨時間遞減的速率較慢時，廠商則會傾向使用CF架構。

Due to rising awareness of environmental protection and stringent regulations, firms are held responsible for collecting and recycling the goods they manufactured. Hence, the closed-loop supply chain, which not only deals with goods delivery from manufacturers to consumers but also recycling from consumers to manufacturers, arouses much research interest. Considering the combination of centralized/decentralized evaluation point design and focus/general facility, we construct four closed-loop supply chain structures. They are Centralized-Focus (CF), Centralized-General (CG), Decentralized-Focus (DF), and Decentralized-General (DG).
In this research we take into account the time value, use queueing theory to evaluate average flow times of facilities in the structure, and develop profit function for each structure based on the average flow times. Furthermore, we study how product characteristics such as return rate, percentage of new returns, price at the primal market and secondary market, production cost and remanufacturing cost, and time discount rate impacts the choice of the closed-loop supply chain structures. For example, we find that if return rate is increased, manufacturer will tend to adopt DG structure. And if remanufacturing cost decay rate is less, manufacturer will tend to adopt CF structure.

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