電力為本世紀不可或缺之能量形式之一，而近年來超級電容器做以儲能裝置引起相當大的注目，其擁有具優勢的功率密度表現，但能量密度卻遠不及電池。本研究主旨便在於發展超高電壓超級電容器，研發高能量密度之電化學儲能裝置。為了提升電容電壓，裝置中的任何部分皆須擁有相當的電化學穩定性，其中以電解液和電極材料為現今研究的主要方向。由研究可知，低孔洞性之碳材料有較高的化學穩定性，因此低比表面積的碳材可成為取代傳統碳材如活性碳等的選擇之一。另一方面，電化學活化為一種增進低比表面積碳材表現，且能直接在電解液中直接執行的方法，因此兩項技術的結合將有機會達成提高超電容能量密度之目標。
電化學活化的活化機制已由前人研究證實：為施予裝置足夠偏壓，使離子嵌入碳材層間，造成層內空間永久擴張，增加其活性位。但活化結果與電極材料、電解液等之關聯性尚未明確，深入研究將可進一步提升活化效果。因此，本研究先於第三章中探討材料表面改質、碳材之結晶度與缺陷密度、黏著劑種類以及電解液濃度，對於電化學活化之影響。選擇膨脹石墨(EMCMB)以及鹼活化軟碳(ASC)作為主要電極材料，搭配電化學測試以及材料鑑定，建立此些材料之材料特性與電化學性能的相對關係。而第四章則延續前段電化學活化之研究結果，將可電化學活化之EMCMB應用於高電壓超級電容器中，分別於TEABF4/ PC電解液中組成4V對稱式超級電容器以及於LiPF6/ EC:DMC電解液中搭配高容量軟碳成為4.2V混和式的鋰離子超級電容器。

Energy storage is one of the most important techniques for the development of electronics and next generation transportations. Supercapacitor is one of the energy storage devices utilizing in high-power applications. However, the applicability of supercapacitors is restricted by their insufficient energy density. To enhance the energy of capacitors, either capacitance or voltage should be increased. Therefore, this research focuses on the development of high voltage capacitors. Electrochemical activation and low-surface-area carbon are introduced to produce electrodes with high capacitance and good electrochemical stability.
The background of capacitors and the mechanism of electrochemical activation are briefly discussed in chapter 1. However, the relation between electrochemical activation and material properties, such as crystallinity of carbon active materials, viscoelasticity of binders, and concentration of electrolyte, has not been discussed. Thus, in chapter 3, expanded mesocarbon microbeads (EMCMB) and alkali treated soft carbon (ASC) are utilized to examine the structural effect on the activation process. The results of EMCMB with various types of binders, such as poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and polyurethane-polyacrylic acid (PUPAH) are compared as well. After all, the applications of electrochemically activated carbon materials are demonstrated in chapter 4. A 4 V, symmetric, EMCMB-based capacitor and a 4.2 V hybrid capacitor, consisted of EMCMB and high-energy soft carbon, are successfully operated in 1 M TEABF4/ PC and 1 M LiPF6/ EC: DMC, respectively.

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