利用同調控制三色光激發惰性氣體中的非線性頻率轉換現象

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研究生：	陳至宏 Chen, Chih-Hung
論文名稱：	利用同調控制三色光激發惰性氣體中的非線性頻率轉換現象 Nonlinear Frequency Conversion by Coherently Controlled Three-Color Excitation of Inert Gases
指導教授：	潘犀靈 Pan, Ci-Ling
口試委員:	施宙聰 Jow-Tsong Shy 李晁逵 Chao-Kuei Lee
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	理學院 - 物理學系 Department of Physics
論文出版年：	2014
畢業學年度：	102
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	104
中文關鍵詞：	諧波產生、同調控制
外文關鍵詞：	harmonic generation, coherence control
相關次數：	點閱：2 下載：0
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合成同調多色光雷射達到電場波形控制是正發展中的同調控制技術，已有相關的理論與實驗在探討以雙色光或三色光的波形合成對於提高高階諧波產生的轉換效率以及提高截止頻率的作用。相較於在XUV波段的高階諧波，在紫外光到近真空紫外光波段的同調光源，對於光譜學、光化學及雷射加工等應用亦是十分重要的。本論文即在於運用同調三色光的波形控制與惰性原子氣體之間於非線性光學中諧波轉換控制之研究。
我們使用窄頻Q-開關Nd:YAG雷射的基頻光(1064 nm)、及其共線產生之倍頻光(532 nm)和三倍頻光(355 nm)作為同調三色光源。運用強度及相位控制器來調制這三道光之間的相對強度與相對相位，藉此控制三色合成光的波形。我們研究了控制下的電場波形在與惰性氣體介質的作用中對於較產生高階諧波的影響。在三色光與惰性氣體的三階非線性作用中，可產生第四到第九階的較高階諧波。其中第四與第五階諧波各有三種包含了和頻(ω_n= ω_i+ω_j+ω_k)及四波混頻(ω_n= ω_i+ω_j-ω_k)的產生過程。第六與第七階諧波各有兩種和頻的產生過程。第八與第九階諧波則各只有一個和頻的產生過程。在模擬部份，我們以強聚焦的三色光高斯光束來模擬產生五階諧波，並深入探討這些不同產生過程彼此之間的強度與相位和驅動作用的三色光的相對強度及相位之間的關係。我們模擬了以氬氣作為非線性介質時各階諧波產生的轉換效率。
在實驗方面，我們使用氬氣作為非線性介質，進行了三色光波形控制對第五階諧波產生的初步研究。實驗結果與模擬結果大致吻合。此結果表明了能以三色光控制較高階諧波的產生，同時驗證了以多色光產生更高階諧波，並控制其合成波形的可行性。

In recent year, the coherent control technology is widely used in high-order harmonic generation for many researchers. By controlling two- or three- color waveform synthesis, it will enhance the efficiency of high harmonic generation and cut of frequency. Compared with the high-order harmonic in XUV, the coherent light source in UV and VUV are very important to spectroscopy、photochemistry and laser processing…etc.
In this thesis, we study harmonic generation by three color waveform synthesis in inert gas system. The three-color coherent light are emitted from Nd:YAG laser with fundamental light of 1064 nm (ω1), second harmonic of 532 nm (ω2) and third harmonic of 355 nm (ω3). In order to control the synthesized waveform, we manipulated relative phase and amplitude among these three-color via the amplitude and phase modulator.
In the third-order nonlinear process, the interaction between three-color beam and inert gases can be used to fourth to ninth harmonics of the laser fundamental output. For fourth harmonic generation, there are three kinds of four-wave mixing processes (ωn=ωi+ωj+ωk、ωn=ωi+ωj-ωk). For fifth harmonic generation, there are three possible processes: ω5=ω1+ω2+ω2、ω5=ω1+ω1+ω3、ω5=ω3+ω3-ω1. For sixth and seventh harmonic, there are two kinds of four-wave mixing processes. For eighth and ninth harmonic generation, there is one four-wave mixing process possible.
We also assume to simulated Fifth harmonic generation by three-color tightly-focused Gaussian beam. By manipulating the relative phase and amplitude of three-color laser field, we can observe the enhancement of conversion efficiency of fifth harmonic generation in Argon gas. Initial experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
We successfully demonstrated coherent control of fifth harmonic generation by controlling three-color laser field. Thus, those results shows the feasibility of high-order harmonic generation by using multi-color coherently waveform controlled.

ABSTRACT    i
中文摘要    ii
致謝    iii
Contents    iv
List of Figure    vi
List of Table    xiv
Chapter 1    Introduction    1
1-1    History    1
1-2    Quantum Coherent Control    2
1-3    Motivation    4
1-4    Thesis Overview    5
Chapter 2    Nonlinear Optics    6
2-1    The Wave Equation for Nonlinear Optical Media    8
2-1.1    Nonlinear Interactions with Plane-Wave Excitation    11
2-1.2    Nonlinear Interactions with Focused Gaussian Beam    12
2-2    Nonlinear polarization    16
2-2.1    Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Processes    16
2-3    Nonlinear Susceptibilities    19
2-4    Refractive Indexes of Argon    22
Chapter 3    Harmonic Generation of Driving Three-Color Laser Fields    24
3-1    Interference of Partially Coherent Light    25
3-2    Fourth Harmonic Generation by Plane-Wave Excitation    26
3-2.1    General Formula    27
3-2.2    Contribution of Each Different Optical Processes    30
3-3    Fifth Harmonic Generation by Plane-Wave Excitation    37
3-3.1    General Formula    37
3-3.2    Contribution of Each Different Optical Processes    40
3-4    Sixth Harmonic Generation by Plane-Wave Excitation    47
3-4.1    General Formula    47
3-4.2    Contribution of Each Different Optical Processes    50
3-5    Seventh Harmonic Generation by Plane-Wave Excitation    55
3-5.1    General Formula    55
3-5.2    Contribution of Each Different Optical Processes    58
3-6    Eighth Harmonic Generation by Plane-Wave Excitation    63
3-6.1    General Formula    63
3-7    Ninth Harmonic Generation by Plane-Wave Excitation    66
3-7.1    General Formula    66
Chapter 4    Conversion Efficiency of Fifth Harmonic Generation    69
4-1    Focused Gaussian Beam Excitation    70
4-2    Evaluation of FbΔk,bL,fL,k"k' and G(bΔk,bL,fL,k"k')    76
4-3    Phase Mismatch per atom    80
4-4    Pressure Dependence of Fifth Harmonic Generation    82
Chapter 5    Experimental Setup    87
5-1    Laser System    88
5-2    Waveform Synthesizer    95
5-2.1    Amplitude Modulator    98
5-2.2    Phase Modulator    103
5-2.3    Telescope System    104
5-3    Gas Cell System (pressure control)    106
5-4    Detection System    107
5-4.1    Photomultiplier Tubes    107
5-4.2    Photodetector    109
Chapter 6    Experimental Results    110
6-1    Nonresonant Fifth Harmonic Generation    111
Chapter 7    Conclusion and Outlook    114
7-1    Conclusion    114
7-2    Outlook    116
Reference    117

                                

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