2 MHz 直流-直流諧振轉換器研製｜國立清華大學博碩士論文庫

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研究生：	吳建勳 Wu, Chien-Hsun
論文名稱：	2 MHz 直流-直流諧振轉換器研製 Design and Implementation of 2 MHz DC-DC Resonant Converter
指導教授：	吳財福 Wu, Tsai-Fu
口試委員:	劉邦榮 Liu, Pang-Jung 李宗璘 Lee, Tzung-Lin 陳裕愷 Chen, Yu-Kai
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系 Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年：	2023
畢業學年度：	111
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	103
中文關鍵詞：	MHz 、LLC 、諧振轉換器、GaN 、NPC 、平面變壓器、直流/直流轉換器
外文關鍵詞：	MHz, LLC, resonant converter, GaN, NPC, planar transformer, DC/DC converter
相關次數：	點閱：38 下載：3
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本研究的目標是設計一套用於電動車充電系統的隔離型LLC諧振轉換器，做為一種高效且快速充電電動車電池的裝置，同時能有效減輕電力網絡的負擔。透過調整充電功率，它能夠在短時間內完成充電，並提高能源的利用效率。這種充電器將成為未來充電技術的重要趨勢，尤其在人口密集地區更加重要。
研究中採用多階轉換器架構，中性點箝位式(Neutral Point-Clamped, NPC)架構，切換頻率為2 MHz。透過設計實現零電壓切換(ZVS)操作，從而減少開關切換損失。在本研究中，以平面變壓器與氮化鎵功率開關做為關鍵元件，其中平面變壓器採用鐵氧體(ferrite)材料的鐵芯，並使用耦合能力高的PQ結構，而氮化鎵功率開關為目前最適合運用於高頻操作。
設計目標是開發一個輸入電壓為直流電760 V，輸出電壓為直流電380 V，額定功率為2 kW的隔離型諧振轉換器。透過設計流程和實際驗證，對諧振槽的元件參數進行微調和優化。還考慮了實際電路的寄生電容效應，並進行驅動電路的優化設計，以確保最小化受到實體電路特性影響的波形結果。此外，還設計回授電路，在未來進行轉換器串並聯應用時，能有效控制輸出電壓。
本論文的主要貢獻如下：
1.以新型材料氮化鎵(GaN)做為功率開關，應用於切換頻率為2 MHz的NPC架構，實現最大功率2 kW的直流/直流隔離型諧振轉換器。
2.根據轉換器的電氣規格，提出一個設計流程，並實際完成轉換器的設計，通過微調和修正，優化各個諧振槽元件的參數。
3.使用平面式變壓器，並對其大小、材質及繞組模式等參數進行設計。
4.設計電壓回授電路。

This study aims to design an isolated LLC resonant converter for electric vehicle charging systems. It serves as an efficient and fast-charging device for electric vehicle batteries while reducing the burden on the power grid. By adjusting the charging power, it can quickly charge the vehicle batteries, resulting in shorter charging time and improved energy utilization. This charger represents a significant trend in future charging technologies, especially in densely populated areas.
The study adopts a Neutral Point-Clamped (NPC) architecture in a multi-level converter topology with a switching frequency of 2 MHz. The design achieves Zero-Voltage-Switching (ZVS) operation, effectively reducing switch losses. The key components of this research include a planar transformer and Gallium Nitride (GaN) power switches. The planar transformer utilizes a ferrite core material and employs a high-coupling PQ structure. GaN power switches are chosen for their suitability in high-frequency switching applications.
The design objective of this study is to develop a 2 kW isolated resonant converter with an input voltage of 760 VDC and an output voltage of 380 VDC. Through a systematic design process, the parameters of the resonant tank components are optimized through fine-tuning and adjustments. This study also considers practical circuit aspects such as parasitic inductance and optimizes the driver circuit design to minimize waveform distortion. Additionally, a feedback circuit is designed to ensure precise control of the output voltage, especially in series or parallel configurations of the converter.
The main contributions of this research are as follows:
1. Designing a DC/DC isolated resonant converter with a maximum power of 2 kW using GaN power switches in an NPC architecture with a switching frequency of 2 MHz.
2. Proposing a design process that considers the electrical specifications of the converter and successfully implementing the design by optimizing the parameters of the resonant tank components through fine-tuning and adjustments.
3. Introducing a planar transformer and designing its size, material, and winding configuration.
4. Designing a voltage feedback circuit for precise control of the output voltage.

摘要    i
Abstract    ii
誌謝    iv
目錄    v
表目錄    ix
圖目錄    x
第一章 緒論    1
1 研究背景與動機 [1]    1
2 諧振轉換器回顧    3
2.1 硬切換特性    4
2.2 軟切換特性    4
2.3 諧振轉換器介紹    6
3 半導體元件介紹    8
4 論文大綱    9
第二章 系統架構介紹    10
1 功率放大器介紹    10
1.1 D類放大器    11
1.2 E類放大器    12
1.3 D類放大器與E類放大器比較    13
2 方波產生器介紹 [9]    14
2.1 對稱半橋電路    14
2.2 非對稱半橋電路    15
2.3 全橋電路    17
2.4 方波產生器比較    18
3 諧振電路介紹    19
3.1 LC串聯型諧振電路 [10]    19
3.2 LC並聯型諧振電路 [10]    21
3.3 LLC型諧振電路 [10] [11]    23
3.4 LCC型諧振電路 [10]    25
3.5 LCLC型諧振電路 [10] [12] [13]    27
4 Class-D轉換器介紹    29
4.1 Class-D轉換器動作原理    29
4.2 諧振槽動作原理    31
5 整流電路介紹    39
5.1 半波整流電路    39
5.2 中心抽頭式整流電路(半橋整流型)    41
5.3 橋式整流電路(全橋整流型)    43
5.4 整流電路比較    45
第三章 硬體電路設計與製作    46
1 方波產生器    46
1.1 功率開關選用    46
1.2 電路選用 [19]    48
1.3 其他元件選用    49
2 整流電路    50
2.1 電路選用    50
2.2 二極體選用    50
3 隔離變壓器    51
3.1 鐵芯選用 [22] [23]    51
3.2 線圈選用與設計 [27] [28]    53
3.3 變壓器參數    54
4 諧振電路    56
4.1 諧振槽參數設計    56
4.2 元件選用與製作    58
5 隔離型諧振轉換器拓譜    59
第四章 系統周邊電路規劃與設計    61
1 輔助電源    62
2 振盪電路    63
2.1 無源晶振    63
2.2 有源晶振    64
2.3 振盪器選用    64
3 訊號除頻電路    65
4 開關責任比率調變電路    67
5 訊號隔離與開關驅動電路    68
第五章 回授電路設計    70
1 變頻控制    70
1.1 隔離降壓電路 [41]    70
1.2 補償器電路設計 [44]    72
1.3 壓控晶體振盪器 [45]    73
2 定頻控制    74
2.1 施密特觸發器 [47]    74
2.2 PWM控制電路    76
3 回授電路選用    77
第六章 電路模擬與實測驗證    78
1 實體電路呈現    78
1.1 諧振轉換器實體電路    78
1.2 系統周邊實體電路    79
1.3 回授實體電路    79
2 模擬結果    80
2.1 開迴路測試    80
2.2 閉迴路測試    82
3 實務考量    85
3.1 電路板佈局    85
3.2 元件的非理想特性    86
3.3 損耗推估    87
4 實測結果    91
4.1 回授電路測試    91
4.2 實體電路測試結果    92
第七章 結論與未來研究方向    97
1 結論    97
2 未來研究方向    98
2.1 輸入電壓之均壓電路    98
2.2 FPGA數位驅動器    98
2.3 同步整流    98
參考文獻    99


                                

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