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研究生: 劉凱溢
Kevin Liu
論文名稱: 以人因工程改善廠務廢水處理系統監控警報之研究
A Study of Human Factors Improvement on Supervisory Alarms in Wastewater Treatment System
指導教授: 王明揚
口試委員:
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 工業工程與工程管理學系碩士在職專班
Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management
論文出版年: 2008
畢業學年度: 96
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 89
中文關鍵詞: 心智負荷人因工程廢水處理系統監控警報自動化
外文關鍵詞: Mental Workload, Human Factors, Wastewater Treatment System, Supervisory Alarms, Automation
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  • 電腦自動化的監控系統協助運轉人員進行操控,在工業上已有廣泛的應用。高度的自動化雖有其便利及安全性,不過相關監控警報在設計時,多半未能考慮人因方面的因素。本研究的個案為半導體業某公司,廠務廢水處理系統的監控警報改善。嘗試應用人因工程的觀點,找出個案公司的廢水處理系統最常見的監控警報問題,並進行介面檢視及改善。
    問題改善前後的廢水處理系統監控警報介面,以人因工程的方法NASA-TLX心智負荷、實驗績效量測等主客觀指標進行驗證,結果顯示改善後的成效良好。受試操作員,皆對改善後的系統滿意度甚高;不僅在值班時處理警報異常,發揮相當程度的助益;同時也降低了操作人員的心智負荷,操作員可集中心力處理真正重要的警報異常事件。此外也顯著改善警報處理效率,符合本研究的目的,並可作為後續半導體業界或其他產業,相關監控警報改善的研究參考。


    The automatic monitoring system of the computer assists to operate personnel to control has already had extensive application commercially. Although highlevel automation has its convenient and security. Supervisory alarms relevantly in the design, fail to consider the human factors mostly. The case of this research is one company of semiconductor industry, the supervisory alarms in wastewater treatment system of facility is improved. Try to apply human factors to find out the most common supervisory alarms problem in wastewater treatment system on the case company, looking over and improving interfaces.
    Before and after the problems improvement on supervisory alarms in wastewater treatment system, NASA-TLX and experiment performance amount subjective and objective index of examining etc. prove because of method with human factors. The result reveals the effect after improving is good. The tried operators all the satisfaction to system after improving is very high. It is unusual to not merely handle the alarms when on duty, give play to and is analogous to the benefiting of intensity. The mental workload of the tried operators reducing at the same time, deal with the really important unusual incident of alarm in operators very centralized mental and physical efforts. In addition improve the alarm significantly and handle efficiency, the purpose to accord with this research, and can control the improved research of the supervisory alarms to consult relevantly as subsequent semiconductor industry or other industries.

    目錄 摘要 i Abstract ii 誌謝 iii 目錄 iv 圖目錄 vii 表目錄 ix 第一章、緒論 1 1.1 研究背景與動機 1 1.2 研究目的 2 1.3 研究架構 4 第二章、文獻探討 7 2.1監控系統 7 2.2 監控系統人機介面 8 2.3 監控系統警報 14 2.4人因工程設計標準 19 2.4.1 ISA-SP18警報管理及設計標準 20 2.4.2 SEMI半導體業人因工程安全標準 22 2.4.3 NUREG-0700人類系統介面設計查核標準 23 2.5監控系統操作人員心智工作負荷 28 2.6小結 33 第三章、問題描述 35 3.1 半導體業廢水處理系統簡介 35 3.2 半導體業廢水處理系統監控方式 36 3.2.1 整體監控架構 36 3.2.2 系統的監控操作 38 3.3廢水處理系統監控警報中最常發生的問題 39 3.3.1警報氾濫 39 3.3.2警報過期 41 3.3.3警報忽略 42 3.3.4警報不清 43 3.4小結 44 第四章、研究方法 45 4.1實驗目標與限制 45 4.2第一階段現有介面檢視 46 4.2.1 問題分析 47 4.2.2 提出改善方案 48 4.3 第二階段實驗 48 4.3.1 實驗平台建置 49 4.3.2 實驗流程擬定 49 4.3.3 實驗問卷設計 50 4.3.4 進行實驗與數據蒐集 50 4.4 小結 51 第五章、實驗結果分析與討論 52 5.1實驗結果分析 52 5.1.1第一階段現有介面檢視結果分析 52 5.1.1.1問題分析 53 5.1.1.2改善方案分析 54 5.1.2 第二階段實驗結果分析 62 5.1.2.1 主觀評比指標分析 62 5.1.2.2 客觀評比指標分析 67 5.2 實驗結果討論 69 5.2.1 主觀評比指標討論 69 5.2.2 客觀評比指標討論 74 5.3 小結 75 第六章、結論與建議 76 6.1結論 76 6.2建議 77 參考文獻 79 附錄一、NASA-TLX心智負荷問卷 85 附錄二、運轉值班難易度之調查 87 附錄三、系統滿意度調查 88 附錄四、系統改善前後的操作人員評比 89 圖目錄 圖 1 研究架構圖 5 圖 2 人員監控作業圖 (Sheridan, 2000) 10 圖 3 操作控制室人機介面設計發展程序 (Han et al., 2007) 11 圖 4 人機介面設計步驟 (Johannsen, 1997) 12 圖 5先進警報系統圖 (NUREG-0700, Revision 2, 2002) 24 圖 6 控制操作人員工作負荷的貢獻因子 (Connelly, 1995) 29 圖 7 半導體業製程廢水處理系統流程圖 35 圖 8 半導體業廠務廢水監控系統架構圖 37 圖 9 圖控架構圖 37 圖 10 一般酸鹼廢水中和處理系統(AW系統)主畫面(Overview)系統監控圖 38 圖 11 氟離子感應器 (AF1111\1122) 故障未及時修護長期停留在面板圖 41 圖 12 製程廢水DAS機台排放的管路顯示高液位警報圖 44 圖 13 研究方法流程圖 46 圖 14 改善前後及EEMUA (1999) 不同監控警報層級分配比例圖 56 圖 15 改善前後及EEMUA (1999) 最緊急警報個數圖 57 圖 16 改善方案流程圖 58 圖 17 改善前監控警報介面圖 59 圖 18 改善後監控警報介面圖 59 圖 19 改善前監控警報總覽看板圖 60 圖 20 改善後監控警報總覽看板圖 61 圖 21 監控警報介面改善前後差異比較圖 70 圖 22 運轉值班經驗不同對系統問題改善前的差異比較圖 71 圖 23 運轉值班經驗不同對系統問題改善後的差異比較圖 71 圖 24 改善前後運轉值班難易度差異比較圖 72 圖 25 改善前後系統滿意度差異比較圖 73 圖 26 系統改善前後操作人員評比差異比較圖 73 圖 27 改善前後客觀指標-最常見警報問題差異比較圖 74 圖 28 改善前後客觀指標-警報處理速率(秒/次)差異比較盒形圖 75 表目錄 表 1 本研究監控系統人機介面設計相關文獻整理 14 表 2 警報設計指引 (Han et al., 2007) 17 表 3 警報色彩編碼指引 (Han et al., 2007) 17 表 4 本研究監控系統警報相關文獻整理(二之一) 18 表 5 警報處理範例 (表二之一) (NUREG-0700, Revision 2, 2002) 25 表 6 本研究人因工程設計相關標準整理 28 表 7 NASA-TLX主觀六個向度的評比因素 (Hart and Staveland, 1988) 31 表 8 小問題或例行操作引發大量氾濫警報統計表 40 表 9 正常操作下太多警報不知優先順序而不相關警報統計 (表二之一) 42 表 10半導體廠務廢水監控警報中最常發生的問題分析 (表二之一) 53 表 11半導體廠務廢水監控警報最常發生問題的改善方案分析 55 表 12 監控警報介面改善前後差異比較表 63 表 13 運轉值班經驗不同對系統問題改善前的差異比較表 64 表 14 運轉值班經驗不同對系統問題改善後的差異比較 64 表 15 改善前後運轉值班難易度差異比較 65 表 16 改善前後系統滿意度差異比較 66 表 17 系統改善前後操作人員評比差異比較表 67 表 18 改善前後客觀指標-最常見警報問題差異比較表 68 表 19 改善前後客觀指標-警報處理速率(秒/次)差異比較表 68

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