本研究動機系因裁判外解決解紛爭(ＡＤＲ)機制的興起，帶動國內外、實務界與學界均掀起一股研究及推展熱潮，家事事件因涉及親人間的糾紛及未成年子女的利益，特別不適合以對立的傳統訴訟方法解決，因此，家事調解制度在這股ＡＤＲ的熱潮中，成為特別受重視的一環，我國近年來家事調解新制，歷經各法院的試辦，已漸漸發展出國內實務運作的各種方式，惟在起步階段仍有待更深入的觀察、研究。
本論文先從親屬法中離婚政策及法理切入探討，找出家事調解制度在其間所能扮演的角色與其價值。再從現行法中就有關調解的相關規定、家事調解的意義、困難、家事調解的重心、不適合進行調解的案件類型、推展家事調解可能的阻礙、對家事調解質疑者與支持者的意見為探討；並介紹國內的實施現況及國外所施行的家事調解模式，調解人的資格、認可程序，英國追縱、評估家事調解的方式與實徵研究；另就家事調解相關的倫理議題提出探討，且以問卷方式調查共 十七個法院有承辦調解案件之家事庭法官、調解人、家事調解行政輔助人員（法官助理或書記官）相關之倫理信念與行為，並就其背景狀況，從統計資料作出分析報告。
最後，對研究成果提出結論與建議：從法理與政策面、國內外的實徵研究、國際間推動ADR的趨勢等方面，肯定家事調解的價值；並建議兩願離婚、及以破綻主義為主的離婚法之修訂方向、加速家事事件法之制定。另實徵研究部分：建議調解人的專業知能、「告知後同意」的踐行程序、中立態度、不收受不正利益、尊重當事人意願、性別平等的信念、對弱勢族群的扶助等，均仍待增強。並就未來家事調解教育訓練、整體環境的改善、值得繼續研究的主題提供意見。

This research is motivated by the rise of alternative dispute resolution (ADR)methods and by the very nature of family dispute; in the Family Courts litigants used to argue, this not being proper. The system of family mediation places particular emphasis on the trend of ADR. Through the pilot period in all the courts of our country, we have developed little by little our own family mediation system. This system has been initiated into practice but still requires further survey and research.

To start off with, this study examines the status and value of family mediation in our law policy and legal principle. This examination also involves an analysis of a series of issues which include:
· the domestic mediation regulations,
· the meaning,
· the difficulty,
· the obstruction,
· the gravity,
· the ethical issues,
· the pros and cons of family mediation.
Furthermore, the essay has delved with the practical aspects of domestic family mediation, the exotic family mediation mode, the required qualifications, the licensed process of foreign mediators, and a survey of the UK family mediation system.

To achieve its purpose, this study has adopted a quantitative research method by the use of questionnaires that explore the ethical conception and behaviour of 17 domestic Family Courts mediators, judges and administrators. From the statistical data that have been gathered from totally 189 valid questionnaires, this study has analysed the scenario of the ethical conception and behaviour of the workers involved in family mediation.

On the basis of this examination, the essay concludes by affirming the positive value of family mediation through an analysis of the family law policy and legal principle, the domestic and foreign surveys, and the adoption of the ADR approach. The essay recommends the reform of the family law and the enhancement of the family-mediation-workers’ training on
· the “inform & consent”,
· the impartial attitude,
· the avoidance of illegal interests,
· the respectfulness to clients’ will,
· the conception of sexual equality,
· the aid to underprivileged clients.
Proper training on these issues will ameliorate our family mediation system. Finally, the essay raises important points for future research.

參考文獻
一、中文資料(依作者姓氏筆畫排序)
王智弘、唐訢雅、廖婉喻、蘇盈儀合著，家事商談(調解)的倫理議題。2005家事商談國際研討會。台南縣，私立長榮大學。
王智弘，個別諮商中涉及的倫理問題，國立彰化師範大學，輔導學報(1995)，18
王智弘，諮商涉及法律的倫理問題，輔導季□（1995），31(2)，53─59
王重吉，調解制度之功能與實務運作，司法院研究年報第22輯第7篇(2002)。13頁
王曉丹，論英國離婚法改革的法制發展─法政策、法理、法社會之探討。台大法學論叢,35卷5期,2006年9月,頁163-208
王唯馨，家事調解員的調解策略與調解經驗之研究。國立彰化師範大學輔導與諮商學系碩士論文(2005)。
牛格正，輔導季刊(1994)，30(1)，20─30
牛格正，諮商專業倫理。五南，1991
牛格正，諮商原理與技術，五南圖書出版有限公司，1996年，19─22頁
成蒂，心理諮商對家庭暴力案件是否適用？─以台北地方法院家事法庭實施心理諮詢制度為例。司法改革雙月刊雜誌(2003年)。第46期，頁51─52
邱聯恭，程序選擇權論(2000)。三民書局。
邱璿如，家事事件審理程序之新建構(下)─以日本有關人事訴訟併由家庭法院審判之議論為借鏡。台灣本士法學雜誌，39，(2002) 11-28頁。
沈清松，倫理學理論與專業倫理教育。通識教育季刊1996，3(2)，ｐ1─17
吳志豪，淺介美國ＡＤＲ制度之意義與模式─以美國加州為例（上）（下），載於司法周□1324；1325期
林洲富，家事事件之理論及實務。司法研究年報第23輯第6篇。391─393頁
施慧玲，「子女最佳利益與離婚後親權行使□，收錄於氏著，家庭法律社會學論文集，元照(2004)，頁241
施慧玲，〈一夫一妻制〉，收錄於施慧玲《家庭法律社會論文集》，頁42，及同書〈婚姻暴力防治〉，頁89，自行出版（2004）
施慧玲，論我國家庭法之發展與研究，收於氏著，家庭、法律、福利國家，身份法論文集，元照出版有限公司(2001)
涂秀玲，離婚親權行使事件中家事調解之研究─以子女最佳利益為中心，國立中正大學法律研究所碩士論文(2006)
高永光，台北縣地方派系與鄉鎮市調解委員會互動關係之實證研究。選舉研究(2000)，7(2),1-36
陳榮宗、林慶苗，民事訴訟法(下)(2008)，三民書局
陳增穎編著，心理師手冊，天馬文化事業有限公司，2005年，2頁。
彭南元，讓當事人轉危為機─我國家事審判實務採用心理諮詢服務成果之初探。月旦學雜誌，第103期，頁243─257。
彭南元，家事法庭對「家庭暴力事件□提供心理諮詢服務之剖析─兼回應「心理諮商vs.家暴案□一文。司法改革雙月刊雜誌(2003年)。第46期，頁53─55。
黃宗樂，親屬法的沿革及展望─以男女平等為中心。於台北市政府主辦，第三屆全國婦女國是會議(1998)。台北─台北市政府市政資料館四樓
黃光國，專業倫理教育的基本理念。通識教育月刊，1996，3(2)，ｐ19─32
黃翠紋，婚姻暴力調解措施之研究。中央警察大學犯罪防治研究所博士論文，(2001).
楊淳斐，輔導季□( 1996)，32(4) ，58─67
楊淳斐，大專院校輔導教師諮商倫理信念與行為之調查研究，1997╱1彰化師範大學輔導碩士論文ｐ12
楊康臨、鄭維瑄合譯，Alison Taylor著家庭衝突處理─家事調解理論與實務(2007)，118頁
雷文玫，以「子女最佳利益之名□：離婚後父母對未成年子女權利義務行使與負擔之研究。台大法學論叢，第28卷、第3期，1999年4月293頁
鄔佩麗，諮商準則與技巧，2002年司法院家事事件處理研究會資料，1頁。
劉玉中，民事訴訟法學涵蓋範圍之界定與角色定位─民事訴訟法學提升為紛爭處理學之契機。玄奘法律學報第七期
劉宏恩，夫妻離婚後子女最佳利益之酌定，從英美法實務看我國民法親屬編規定之適用，軍法專□，43卷12期，1997年12月24─25頁
劉煜基，如何聲請調解，永然文化出版股份有限公司，1997年，24頁
蔡孟珊，家事審判制度之研究─從日本家事審判制度為借鏡，台灣大學法律研究所碩士論文(1997)149─150頁
蔡孟珊，家事事件審理程序之構成要素─立足於家事事件特殊性所為之分析。律師雜誌，248，(2000),16-42頁。
鄧學仁，邁入新世紀之親屬法。月旦法學雜誌(2000)第62期，頁 70-86。
賴月蜜，澳洲、香港、日本之家事商談相關制度比較研究─兼論我國家事談制度之現況與發展博士論文(2005)，29頁
盧夢鳴，調解人的角色與守則。載於周小玲主編，香港家事調解專業手冊(2001)。121─134頁。香港：香港公教婚姻輔導會。
藍瀛芳，「替代性訟爭解決方法之介紹─家事商談研究會的引述。□ 於內政部兒童局主辦。家事商談研討會(2004)。台北：台灣大學法學院。
藍瀛芳，國外調解制度介紹，(亞洲之友會、台灣大學法律學院、民間司法改革基金會主辦，調解制度與司法改革研討會(2003)。於台北：台大法學院國際會議中心) 。
日本司法改革審議會意見書（2001年）
司法院2004年度日本家事司法制度考察報告，49頁。
中華民國九十五年五月十五日司法院院台廳民一字第 0950011348 號訂「法院調解委員倫理規範」
法律英漢辭典(五南法律編輯部，2002)
台灣宜蘭地方法院91年度訴字第263號、台灣苗栗地方法院93年度苗小調字第1188號( 抗告後案號:台灣苗栗地方法院94年度小抗字1號) 、台灣基隆地方法院95年度家查字第15號。
台灣婦女年鑑，台灣財團法人婦女權益促進發展基金會，2007╱4出版，44─47頁
台中地方法院家事法庭家事調解實施報告。95/8/3司法院「家事調解制度經驗分享營」
中國輔導學會(1989)，中國輔導學會會員專業倫理守則，輔導月□，20(1、2)，6─13。
二、外文資料

Anthony Ogus,Janet Walker, Michael Jones-Lee, Report to the Lord Chancellor on the Costs and Effectiveness of Conciliation in England and Wales (1989)

Alison Taylor,Family Dispute Resolution Mediation Theory and Practice(2004),楊康臨、鄭維瑄合譯，家庭衝突處理。學富，2007。224頁

Ackerman ,M,J.Clinician’s guide of child custody evaluations .New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (1995).

American Counseling Association (1995,June).Code of ethics and standards of practice. Counseling Today,pp33-40

American Psychological Association (1992). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct American Psychologist ,47, pp1597-1611

Bainham ,A., ‘The privatisation of the public interest in children’ ,53(2) The Modern Law Review,206-221(1990);

Beck,C.J.A. & Sales, B.D. Family Mediation: Facts, myths, and future prospects. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.(2001),p3

Bishop “Standards of Practice for Divorce Mediators.” In J. Folberg and A. Milne(eds), Divorce Mediation : Theory and Practice . New York, Guilford Press,

Blades, J. Family mediation : Cooperative Divorce settlement. Englewood Cliffs ,NJ: Prentice –Hall, 1985

Bottomley, A., ‘What is happening to family law? A feminist critique of conciliation ’,in Brophy, J.and Smart, C.(eds),Women in Law, London : Routledge and Kegan Paul. (1985)p.180

Bohmer ,C.and Ray,M.L., ‘Effect of different disputes resolution methods on women and children after divorce’ ,Family Law Quarterly, Vol.28,No.2.(1994)

ush .R., and Folger, J. The promise of mediation : Responding to conflict Through Empowerment and Recognition. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1994

Coogler,O.J.Structured mediation in divorce settlement. Toronto: Lexington Books(1978), p3

Corey,G., Corey , M. S., & Collanan ,P.Issues and ethics in the helping professions (4th ed.). Pacific Grove, CA : Brooks/ Cole. ( 1993) p.3

Cohen, O., Dattner , N., and Lusenburg, A. “The Limits of the Mediator’s Neutrality .” Mediation Quarterly, 1999, 16(4) pp 341-348

Davis ,G and Roberts, M., ‘Mediation and the battle of the sexes’ , Family Law,Vol.19 August(1989) p305

Davis ,G and Roberts, M.,Access to Agreement :A Consumer Study of Mediation in Family Dispute ,Milton Keynes: Open University Press(1988)

deMayo, R.A. Practical and ethical concerns in divorce mediation: Attending to emotional factors affecting mediator judgment . Mediation Quarterly , 13(3) ,pp217-227

Deech ,R., ‘Divorces from reality’, The Spectator, 4 November(1995).p12

Dillon , P.A..,& Emery, E. R. Divorce Mediation and Resolution of Child Custody Disputes: Long-term effects. America Journal of Orthopsychiatry ,66(1), (1996) pp131-140

Emery, R.E.,Matthews , S. and Wyer,M., ‘Child custody mediation and litigation: further evidence on the differing views of mothers and fathers’, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Vol.59,No.3.(1991), pp.410-418

Emery,R.E.,Laumann-Billings, L., Waldron, M.C., Sabrra,D.A..,& Dillon,P., Child Custody Meiation and Litigation: Custody, Contact, and Coparenting 12years after initial dispute resolution .Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69(2), (2001) ,pp323-332

Elizabeth Walsh (2004),The Future of Family Mediation ,載於John Westcott (2004) 編輯Family Mediation Past, Present and Future p.118

Edward Gondolf & Ellen Fisher , The Survivor Theory, in Battered Women as Survivors: An Alternative to Treating Learned Helplessness, Lexington Books (1988), pp 11-18.

Ezzell, B. Incide the Mind of America’s Family Courts :the Psychology of Mediation versus Litigation In Domestic Disputes. Law & Psychology Review, 25 (119), (2001) pp120-143

Floberg , J. and Taylor, A. Mediation: A Comprehensive Guide to Resolving Conflicts Without Litigation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1984 p.32

Folberg, J. ‘Divorce mediation – The emerging American model’ in Eekelaar, J.M. and Katz,S.N.(eds),The Resolution of Family Conflict: Comparative Legal Perspectives , Toronto: Butterworths. (1984) p205

Folberg, J.,Milne, A.L. & Salem, P., Divorce and Family Mediation , NY: Guilford Press (2004) , p407

Family Policy Studies Center ,Family Change: A Guide to the Issue (2000)

Garwood,F.,Children in Conciliation : A study of the Involvement of Children in Conciliation by the Lothian Family Conciliation Service ,Edinburgh: Scottish Association of Family Conciliation Sevrices. (1989)

Gardner,R.A., Parental Alienation Syndrome vs. Parental Alienation :Which Diagnosis Should Evaluators Use in Child-Custody Disputes? American Journal of Family Therapy, 30, (2002) , pp93-106

Giunta, S. A. & Amatea,E. S. Mediation or Litigation with Abusing or Neglectful Families: Emerging Roles for Mental Health Counsellors. Journal of Mental Health Counselling,22(3), (2000), pp240-253

Gwynn Davis, 載於John Westcott 主編之Family Mediation Past Present and Future ,Ch.6. A Research Perspective(2004), p59

Gwynn Davis ,Bevan , Suzanne Clisby , Zoe Cumming, Robert Dingwall, Paul Fenn, Steven Finch, Rory Fitzgerald, Shelagh Goldie , David Greatbatch , Adrian James , Julia Pearce. Monitoring Publicly Funded Family Mediation—Report to the Legal Service Commission(2000)

Grebe, S. “Structure Mediation and Its Variants: What Makes It Unique.”In J. Folberg and A. Milne (eds.) ,Divorce Mediation :Theory and Practice .New York:Guilford Press,1988. P232

Grebe,S“Ethics and the Professional Family Mediator” Mediation Quarterly, 1992,10(2),pp.155-165

Herrman, M. S., Hollett, N., Gale, M. & Foster, M.,Defining mediator knowledge and skills .Negotiation Jounral, 17(3) ,(2001), pp139-153

Hoggett ,B., ‘Joint Parenting Systems; the English experiment’ ,6(1) Journal of Child Law, 8-12 (1994)

Haynes,J., Haynes, G. Mediation Divorce : Casebook of Strategies for Successful family Negotiations . San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1989. pp.18-19

Hass,L.J.,Malouf,J.L(1995)Keeping up the good work: A practitioner’s guide to mental health ethics(2nd ed) Sarasota , FL: Professional Resource Press.

Imbrogno, A.R. & Imbrogno, S.,Mediation in Court Cases of Domestic Violence. Family in Society ,81(4), (2000),pp392-401

Irving , H., and Benjamin, M. Family Mediation : Contemporary Issues. Thousand Oaks, Calif. : Sage, 1995

Jane Bridge , StuartBridge , Suan Luke ,S.Blackstone’s guide to the Children Act1989.London: blackstone Press Ltd. (1990). pp 4-13

Judge Roger Bird, The Response From the Courts, 載於John Westcott (2004) 編輯Family Mediation Past, Present and Future (2004) p.58

Janet Walker, Peter McCarthy ,Noel Timms .Mediation : the Making and remaking of Co-operative relationships An evaluation of the effectiveness of mediation (1994),。

Kelly ,J.B. and Duryee, M.A., ‘Women’s and men’s views of mediation in voluntary and mandatory mediation settings’ Family and Conciliation Courts Review, Vol.30,No.1(1992)

Kelly,J. “Mediation and Psychotherapy: Distinguishing the Differences. ”Mediation Quarterly , 1983 ,no.1,pp 33-44

Koopman , E. J.The present and future role of higher education in divorce mediation: problems and promise in teaching ,research ,and service . In C.A. Everett(ed). Divorce mediation- Perspectives on the field. New York: The Haworth Press. (1985).

King, M.,Playing the symbols: Custody and the Law Commission’s , Family Law, Vol.17(1987),p186

Kresse,K., Forntera, E.A. ,Forlenza, S., Bulter, F., & Fish, L., The Settlement-Orientation vs. The Problem-Solving Style in Custody Mediation.,Journal of Social Issues ,50(1), (1994), pp67-84

Lenore Walker,The Psychological Theory of Learned Helpnlessness , in Battered Woman , Harper & Row(1979), pp 44-45

Lisa Prakinson ,Family Mediation in Practice “A Happy Concatenation ”載於John Westcott 編輯Family Mediation Past,Present and Future (2004)

Lisa Parkinson Family Mediation .London: Sweet & Maxwell(1997)

Lisa Parkinson. Separation , divorce and families. CA: Macmillan Education Ltd. (1987)

Lisa Parkinson .,Conciliation in Separation and Divorce: Finding Common Ground , Beckenham: Croom Helm. (1986) p116,p161

Law Commission, No.192,Family Law: The Ground for Divorce, London :HMSO(1990)

Lang ,M., and Taylor ,A. The Making of a Mediator : Developing Artistry in Practice. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2000. p.101

Lowenstein,L. F.,The value of mediation in child custody disputes (Resent Research 1996-2001) , Justice of Peace, 38, (2002),pp739-744

Marian Roberts , Mediation in Family Dispute Principles of Practice ,2 edition , (1997) pp160-161

McCarthy, P. and Walker ,J.,Evaluating the Longer Term Impact of Family Mediation: Report to the Joseph Rowntree Foundation, Newcastle upon Tyne. Tyne: Relate Centre of Family Studies ,University of Newcastle upon Tyne. (1996)

Maidment,S,Child Custody and Divorce, Beckenham: Croom Helm. (1984)p.273

Moor, C. The Mediation Process : Practical Strategies for Resolving Conflict (2nd ed. ) San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1996 pp.66-67

Minookin ,R., and Kornhauser , L. “Bargaining in the Shadow of the Law. ” Yale Law Journal. 1979, 88, pp.950-997

Mitchell,A.,Children in Middle: Living Through Divorce ,London:Tavistock. (1985)

Milne,A. “Ethical constraints: A Mental Health Perspective.” In J. Folberg and A. Milne(eds), Divorce Mediation : Theory and Practice . New York, Guilford Press,1988, p386

Milne, A. & Folberg ,J..Ethical constraints : A mental health perspective. In J.Folberg & A. Milne (eds). Divorce mediation –Theory and practice . New York: The Guilford Press(1988) pp385-401

Milne, A. & Folberg ,J.The theory and practice of divorce mediation: An overview. In J. Folberg & A. Milne (eds). Divorce mediation –Theory and practice . New York: The Guilford Press (1988)

Monk, G. ‘‘How Narrative Therapy Works. ’’In C. Monk, J. Winslade, K. Crocket And D. Epston(eds.) Narrative Therapy in Practice: The Archeology of Hope . San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1997. p2

Martin, M.‘‘ How Transformative Is Volunteer Mediation ? ’’A Qualitative Study of the Claims of Volunteer Mediator in a Community Justice Program .’’ Mediation Quarterly ,2000,p43

National family Mediation Report ,Giving Children a voice in Mediation ,London NFM. (1994a) ,p.12

Pearson, J. and Thoennes, N., ‘Divorce mediation: Reflections on a decade of research’ ,in Kressel , K. et al., Mediation Research: The Process and Effectiveness of Third Party Intervention, San Francisco : Joeesy –Bass .(1989)

Person, J.,The Equity of Mediated Divorce Agreements. Mediation Quarterly, 9, (1991),pp179-197

Parker, S., ‘Rights and Utility in Anglo-Australian Family Law’ ,55 Moden Law Review,311-347

Pearson,.J, ‘Ten myths about family law’, Family Law Quarterly, Vol.27, No.2. (1993)p284

Plulter, S.,Child Custody – Recent developments’ , Family Law,Vol.12,No.1, (1982),p.5

Raisner, J.K., Family mediation and never- married parents . Family and Conciliation Courts Review, 35(1) , (1997), pp90-101

Richards,M., ‘Giving a voice or addressing needs? A comment on the report “Giving Children a Voice in Mediation ”,’Family Mediation, Vol. 04, No.3.(1994),

Rosenbaum,M..Ethical and problem of group psychotherapy. In M.Rosenbaum(Ed)Ethical and values in psychotherapy: A guidebook (pp.237-257)New York :The Free Press(1982)

Slaikeu ,K. When Push Comes to Shove: A Practical Guide Mediating Disputes . San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1996. pp.285-289

Silberman,L. “Ethical constraints: A Legal Perspective.” In J. Folberg and A. Milne(eds), Divorce Mediation : Theory and Practice . New York, Guilford Press,1988

Silverman,D. Doing qualitative research - A practical handbook. London: Sage Publication Ltd. (2000) p.2

Shah-Kazemi,S. ‘Family mediation and the dynamics of culture’ Family Meditation ,Vol.6.No.3. (1996)

Saposnek,D.T.,Mediating Child Custody Disputes, San Francisco:Jossey-Bass，.(1983)p.120

Saposnek, D. “The Value of Children in Mediation : Across-Cultural Perspective. ”Mediation Quarterly ,1991,8(4), pp 325-342

Taylor,A.,The hand book of family dispute resolution :Mediation theory and practice .San Francisco, CA:Jossey-Bass Publishers (2002), p224

The Children Act 1989 Guide and Regulation volume 1. Court Order (1991) Crown. P.2

Van Hoose,W.H.& Kottler,J.A..Ethical and legal issues in counseling and psychotherapy(2nd ed).San Francisso,CA:Jossey-Bass(1988)

Vestal , A..,Mediation and Parental Alienation Syndrome : Considerations for an Intervention Modle . Family and Conciliation Courts Review , 37(4),(1999), pp487-503

Walker, J., McCarthy, P. and Timms, N.,Mediation: The Making and Remaking of Cooperative Relationship: An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Comprehensive Mediation, Newcastle –upon-Tyne: Relate Centre for Family Studies. (1994)

Weitzman ,L., The Marriage Contract , New York :Prentice Hall (1981)

Winslade, J., and Monk, G. Narrative Mediation : A New Approach to Conflict Resolution. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2000, p.250

Winslade, J., and Cotter. A. ‘‘Moving from Problem Solving to Narrative Approaches in Mediation’’ In G. Monk, J. Winslade, K .Crocket ,and D. Epston (eds.) Narrative Therapy in Practice: The Archeology of Hope . San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1997

Walczak ,Y. with Burns , S ,Divorce:The Child’s Point of View, London: Harper and Row (1984)

Wallerstein, J. and Kelly,J.R., Surviving the Break Up, London:Grant McIntyre (1980)p.315

Young, M.E., & Long ,L.L.,Counseling and Therapy for Couples. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company. (1998), p217

三、網站資料
王智弘、唐訢雅、廖婉喻、蘇盈儀合著，家事商談（家事調解）的倫理議題，台灣心理諮商資訊網，http://www.heart.net.tw/wang/paper-new/paper200505.shtml 2008-05-05

王智弘(1995)，個別諮商中涉及的倫理問題，台灣心理諮商資訊網，http://wang.heart.net.tw/paper051108.htm 2008-05-05　

王智弘，諮商專業倫理的理念與實踐，台灣心理諮商資訊網，
http://www.heart.net.tw/paper11.shtml 2008-05-05
Evalutation study on the pilot scheme on family mediation http://www.judiciary.gov.hk/en/publications/hkpu_finalreport.pdf

王雲東，對台灣離婚率亞洲第一的現象解讀。http://www.npf.org.tw/particle-2551-1.html 2008-06-10

陳惠馨，讓離婚不再是一場不公平的戰爭。台北市政府主辦之「第三屆全國婦女國是會議論壇」第四場主題「女性與婚姻家庭」 1998/3/10。
http://taiwan.yam.org.tw/nwc/nwc3/papers/forum451.htm

曾守得「研究方法與論文寫作」課程改革芻議
http://www.english.moe.edu./Research/Conference/cheng.htm

美國State v. Rhodes (1868)、State v. Oliver (1874)案例http://womenshistory.about.com/od/mythsofwomenshistory/a/rule_of_thumb.htm 2008-05-16造訪

Model Standards of Practice for Family and Divorce Mediation（2001）http://www.abanet.org/family/reports/mediation.pdf

Elizabeth Walsh (2004),The Future of Family Mediation ,載於John Westcott (2004) 編輯Family Mediation Past, Present and Future p.119

醫學倫理. http://www.cmuh.org.tw/HTML/dept/1r00-1/recognize/recignize_p3.htm

立法院秘書處，選定海外司法管轄區家事調解人認可制度[http://www.legco.gov.hk/yr03-04/Chinese/library/0304in17.pdf]

習得無助感http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BF%92%E5%BE%97%E7%84%A1%E5%8A%A9%E6%84%9F
Shuttle_or_Separate_Mediation http://www.stopvaw.org/Shuttle_or_Separate_Mediation.html
McDonald,M“A Framework for Ethical Decision-Marking:Version 6.0 Ethics. Shareware.” [http://www.ethics.ubc.ca/mcdonald/decisions. html ].2001

Bivins,T. H.“Ethical Worksheet.” [ http://jcomm.uoregon.edu/~tbivins/J397/Links/Worksheet.html ] 2008.05.01

McDonald,M “A Framework for Ethical Decision-Marking:Version 6.0 Ethics. Shareware.” [http://www.ethics.ubc.ca/mcdonald/decisions. html].2008.05.01

立法院秘書處，選定海外司法管轄區家事調解人認可制度[http://www.legco.gov.hk/yr03-04/Chinese/library/0304in17.pdf]

外籍配偶之國別人數、所占比例詳如下列網站 http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E7%B1%8D%E9%85%8D%E5%81%B6_(%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3

內政統計資訊服務網
http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/week/week9715.doc 2008/6/10