在這論文中主要是研究以甲醛利用化學還原法，合成奈米鈀銀合金及銀膠體，其中PVP對於沈澱機制的影響是最主要研究的項目。於合成奈米鈀銀合金膠體部分，經實驗發現，鈀離子及PVP之間會有很強的作用力，導致於經由共沈澱出來的產物，鈀金屬的含量會比原吸附在PVP高分子鏈上少。利用此實驗條件可以合成粒徑為2-3 nm的鈀銀合金膠體，且經由實驗分析可以得知，所合成出來之組成為內部鈀金屬含量較高的粒子。隨著PVP保護劑用量的提高，所合成出來鈀銀合金粒子之粒徑有變大的趨勢，且粒徑的分佈亦有變廣的傾向。
在合成銀膠體部分，將探討使用不同分子量的PVP當作保護劑（分子量分別為：8,000、29,000及55,000）對於所合成出來銀膠體之穩定能力。由實驗結果顯示出，此高分子保護粒子避免其相互產生凝聚的效果，與在室溫下所使用促進還原反應進行的鹼液有著莫大的關係。當反應以氫氧化鈉水溶液當作鹼液，其造成還原反應的速率是非常快速的，導致於僅有較高分子量的PVP當作保護劑才具保護效果，而所合成出來之粒子，其粒徑大約在20 nm左右。另一方面，當以碳酸鈉水溶液當作鹼液，整個反應路徑將會被改變，且還原反應的速率可以有效的被減緩；在此情況下，分子量為8000之PVP保護劑具有最佳的保護效果，所合成出來的銀膠體，其粒子之粒徑僅有5 nm，且粒徑分佈會趨於單一分佈，增加PVP保護劑的用量，僅能對銀粒子之粒徑產生些微的影響。此外，這一些所合成出來的奈米鈀銀合金及銀膠體可以做其燒結行為之探討。

The synthesis of both nanosized palladium-silver and silver colloids by chemical reduction using formaldehyde was investigated in this thesis. The effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on the precipitation mechanism was specifically studied. It was found that due to the strong interaction between Pd ions and PVP molecules, the Pd content in the co-precipitated products would be less than corresponding ones obtained in the absence of PVP molecules. This method could produce palladium-silver alloy colloids of 2~3 nm with a Pd rich core. Increasing PVP quantity would increase the palladium-silver alloy particles, and also make the size distribution much broader.
Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) of three different molecular weights (MW = 8,000, 29,000, 55,000) were studied in this thesis on their ability to stabilize silver colloids. Our results indicated that their effects against agglomeration would depend to a great extent on the alkaline used for the promotion of reduction reaction at ambient temperature. When NaOH was used, the reaction rate was very fast and hence only PVP with large molecular weight could produce silver colloids of sizes around 20 nm. On the other hand, when Na2CO3 was used, the reaction path was significantly changed and slowed down as well. Under this circumstance, PVP with MW of 8,000 offered the best protection against agglomeration. It could produce silver colloids of only 5 nm and the size distribution was nearly uni-modal. Increasing PVP quantity had only slight effect on silver size. In addition, the sintering behavior was also briefly studied for these nanosized palladium-silver alloy and silver colloids.

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