六標準差目前乃為廣泛使用之品質管理改善手法，至今國內外已有許多公司採用，期以提升產品品質與經營績效，並達到財務上之具體成果。六標準差利用DMAIC結構，以顧客為導向，使組織邁向更高水準之顧客滿意度，近年來更應用於財務、金融與醫療產業上。事實上早於2001年美國醫院評鑑機構聯合會制定新的作業標準，要求醫療照護單位至少每年應選擇一項高風險的醫療照護流程進行分析。該作業標準基於「事前預防勝於事後偵錯」概念，發展出「醫療照護失效模式與效應分析」來執行預防性的風險評估作業，以達到風險辨識在先，防範不良事件或事故之發生。
本研究目的為整合HFMEA與六標準差之方法，而發展出適合於醫療照護改善之DMAIC模式，使其具有預防性的風險評估分析以促進醫療品質改善。本研究以台灣某醫院之手術檢體採集運送流程之高風險為例，依循六標準差改善架構之DMAIC步驟，並利用HFMEA之流程圖、執行危害分析與決策樹，來辨識及評估流程中潛在之失效點，予以建議改善，以降低檢體退件率及手術檢體採集運送之風險。改善後的手術檢體採集運送流程，其檢體退件率由平均每月0.37%下降至0.18%，改善了50%以上之具體成效。財務實質成本節省了每月約1700元之支出。另外，透過降低檢體退件率，以減少潛在之醫療上風險成本支出。時間上減少了每月約200分鐘於檢體退件上之處理。本研究使醫院提升病人滿意度、醫療品質，並有效降低醫院之成本，期以符合國際療照護之水準。

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