在本論文研究中，建立了一系列的實驗系統及方法，來分別探討散熱座或散熱座結合熱電致冷器之散熱模組應用於不同冷卻方法之熱傳特性與最佳化設計。冷卻方法分為(一)水平渠道流與(二)限制平面噴流衝擊兩種。在研究中探討影響水平渠道內及限制平面噴流衝擊的熱傳性能之相關參數分別列之如下：(一)水平渠道流－穩態晶片發熱量(Qc,s)、熱電致冷器輸入電流(I)、散熱座高度與渠道高度比(Hs/Hc)與渠道雷諾數(ReD)。這些參數的探討範圍是Qc,s=10-50 W，I=2-10 A，Hs/Hc=0.42-1與ReD=7351-30055。(二)限制平面噴流衝擊－穩態晶片發熱量(Qc,s)、熱電致冷器輸入電流(I)、噴流間距與噴嘴寬度比(H/Wj) 、散熱座高度與噴嘴寬度比(Hs/Wj)與噴流雷諾數(Rej)。這些參數的探討範圍是Qc,s=8-18 W，I=2-6 A，H/Wj=2-10，Hs/Wj=0.74-3.40 與 Rej=194-1685。
在水平渠道內分別針對散熱座或散熱座結合熱電致冷器之散熱模組的暫態/穩態局部和平均熱傳特性作探討。研究結果顯示Hs/Hc和ReD皆對暫態/穩態局部和平均紐賽數以及外界熱阻有顯著影響。另外，平均外界熱阻、I與Qc,s皆對散熱模組之局部和平均總熱阻有顯著影響。利用變異數分析F檢測法針對相關參數作統計敏感度分析，發現ReD對穩態平均紐賽數與平均外界熱阻具有最顯著的影響；對於平均總熱阻而言, 重要的影響參數包括平均外界熱阻、I與Qc,s。在研究中亦針對在水平渠道內散熱座或散熱座結合熱電致冷器之散熱模組的對流熱傳特性建立反應曲面模型並且提出新的經驗公式。
關於限制平面噴流衝擊於散熱座或散熱座結合熱電致冷器散熱模組的對流熱傳特性方面，本研究先後針對暫態/穩態局部和平均熱傳特性作探討。研究結果顯示Hs/Wj和Rej皆對暫態/穩態局部和平均紐賽數以及外界熱阻有顯著影響。另外，平均外界熱阻、I與Qc,s皆對散熱模組之局部和平均總熱阻有顯著影響。利用變異數分析F檢測法針對相關參數作統計敏感度分析，發現Rej對穩態平均紐賽數與平均外界熱阻具有最顯著的影響；對於平均總熱阻而言, 重要的影響參數包括平均外界熱阻、I與Qc,s。在研究中亦針對在限制平面噴流衝擊於散熱座或散熱座結合熱電致冷器散熱模組的對流熱傳特性建立反應曲面模型並且提出新的經驗公式。
為了評估散熱座結合熱電致冷器應用於不同冷卻方法下之熱傳特性，本研究中提出了一個結合熱網路理論模型及熱電致冷器實驗性能曲線的半經驗方法。此方法可準確地預測散熱座結合熱電致冷器熱傳模組在不同外界熱阻下相關的實驗熱傳結果。對於熱端與冷端溫差(□T)與性能係數(COP)而言，理論預測結果與實驗數據比較之平均誤差分別為3.6%與1.5%，而最大誤差分別為18.7%與13.1%。
本研究中更成功地發展出一套應用於在不同外界熱阻下，散熱座或散熱座結合熱電致冷器散熱模組的最佳化散熱方法，此方法可使設計者有效且快速地在多個限制條件下找出最佳化的散熱設計。首先，利用工程統計分析所作出的敏感度測試可定量地分析出系統中相關參數影響之重要性；接著應用反應曲面法搭配實驗計劃法來得到迴歸曲面模型；最後再藉由數值最佳化方法來有效的求出在各種限制條件下的最佳化散熱設計。應用此最佳化方法及流程，可以成功地對於不同外界熱阻下之散熱座或散熱座結合熱電致冷器散熱模組得到各種限制條件的最佳化設計。

In the present study, a series of theoretical and experimental studies on the heat transfer characteristics from heat sinks and Heat Sink/TEC assemblies by using different cooling methods have been performed. Two types of cooling methods such as ducted flow and slot jet impingement are employed in the present study. The relevant parameters influencing heat transfer performance in ducted flow and slot jet impingement studies are listed, respectively. They are: (1) ducted flow － the steady-state heat loads, the input current of TEC, ratio of heat sink height to channel height (Hs/Hc) and channel Reynolds number (ReD). The ranges of parameters studied are Qc,s=10~50 W, I=2~10 A, Hs/Hc=0.42~1, ReD=7351~30055 (or Ui=1.95~7.98 m/s). (2) slot jet impingement －the steady-state heat loads, the input current of TEC, ratio of jet separation distance to nozzle width (H/Wj), ratio of heat sink height to nozzle width (Hs/Wj) and jet Reynolds number (Rej). The ranges of above-mentioned parameters studied at steady state are Qc,s=8~18 W, I=2~6 A, H/Wj=2~10, Hs/Wj=0.74~3.40 and Rej=194~1693. Their effects on heat transfer characteristics in ducted flow and slot jet impingement have been systematically explored.
For heat sinks and HS/TEC assemblies in a ducted flow, the transient-/steady-state local and average heat transfer characteristics are studied. The results manifest the effects of ReD and Hs/Hc on transient-/steady-state local and average Nusselt Number are more significant as compared with qcv,s (or Qt,s) and I. Similar trend can be found for external thermal resistance. Moreover, the effects of , Qc,s and I on local and average overall thermal resistance are significant. By the statistical sensitivity analysis of ANOVA F-test, ReD has the most significant effect on steady-state average Nusselt number and average external thermal resistance, and is significantly affected by any one of , I and Qc,s in the present parametric studies. In addition, new correlations as well as RSM models of steady-state average Nusselt number, average external thermal resistance and average overall thermal resistance in terms of relevant influencing parameters for heat sinks and HS/TEC assemblies are presented.
For heat sinks and HS/TEC assemblies with slot jet impingement, the transient-/steady-state local and average heat transfer characteristics are studied. The results manifest the effects of Rej and Hs/Wj on transient-/steady-state local and average Nusselt Number are more significant as compared with H/Wj, Qc,s (or Qt,s) and I. Similar trend can be found for external thermal resistance. Moreover, the effects of , Qc,s and I on local and average overall thermal resistance are significant. By the statistical sensitivity analysis of ANOVA F-test, Rej has the most significant effect on steady-state average Nusselt number and average external thermal resistance, and is significantly affected by any one of , I and Qc,s in the present parametric studies. In addition, new correlations as well as RSM models of steady-state average Nusselt number, average external thermal resistance and average overall thermal resistance in terms of relevant influencing parameters for heat sinks and HS/TEC assemblies are presented.
In addition, an effective semi-empirical method combines thermal network models and empirical correlations for exploring the thermal performance of heat sinks and HS/TEC assemblies are successfully established. Comparisons of the predicted parameters such as ΔT, Tc, Th and COP evaluated by this method with the experimental data are made with the average deviations of 3.6%, 1.3%, 0.3% and 1.5%, respectively; as well as with the maximum deviations of 18.7%, 5.8%, 2.2% and 13.1%, respectively.
Furthermore, a systematical design optimization method, which allows the thermal engineer to meet several design objectives and constraints simultaneously and effectively, has been successfully presented and applied to the optimal designs for heat sinks and HS/TEC assemblies with various external thermal resistances in the present study. First of all, a statistical method for the sensitivity analysis is performed to determine the key factors that are critical to the design; and a response surface methodology (RSM) is applied to establish explicit regression models in terms of the design factors with an well-organized design of experiments (DOE). By employing the gradient-based numerical optimization technique, a series of constrained optimal designs can be efficiently performed. With this design optimization method, optimal designs for heat sinks and HS/TEC assemblies under different external thermal resistances are successfully explored with design constraints.

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