碳氫燃燒的照明光源已被人類使用超過12,000年，然而150年前出現的電力照明，其便宜又好用的特性，已成功引發照明革命，入侵當時的照明市場。相反地，隨著富含藍光的電力照明被廣泛使用，人們對於健康和生態議題的關注持續提升；若是不了解電力照明的發光特性對人體的影響，我們很難知道光汙染與其關聯性；因此，我們整理了油燈發明時代至今的照明簡史，利用測量各光源的可能照度和光譜，轉換並量化成對人體健康和眼睛傷害的指數來分析比較，並以滿月光為基礎，定義光汙染級數；我們從中發現，若使用冷白光發光二極體(LED)代替油燈做為室內夜間照明，以褪黑激素抑制的觀點來看，光汙染會比過去嚴重105倍，視網膜可容許曝照極限高出644倍，而光汙染級數更是高出2個層級之多；大部分的電力照明不僅富含短波長光波且同時具有較高的照度，造成相當強烈的生物危害；舉例來說，10瓦的白熾燈泡、緊湊型螢光燈(CFL)和發光二極體，照度分別是油燈的3、38和78倍；儘管光汙染日益嚴重，使用油燈或蠟蠋光色般的創新照明技術，如類燭光OLED，能有效地減少光污染及生物危害，更兼具節能和高光質特性。

Hydrocarbon burning-based light sources have been adopted for lighting for at least 12,000 years. While electric lights have just appeared for 150 years, their easy-to-access and cheap-to-use natures have successfully triggered a lighting revolution and disrupted the prior lighting market. In contrast, increasing health and ecological concerns have arisen from the extensive use of blue light-enriched electric light. However, one could hardly attribute the light pollution to electric light without knowing its luminous characters and their effects on human. Therefore, we have hence presented here a brief lighting history from the invention of oil lamps to date. We have measured the plausible illuminance and spectrum of light sources to convert and quantify then into the index of human health and eye damage, and we defined light pollution scale based on lighting of full-moon. We found that light pollution has become more severe by 105 times now than the past from melatonin suppression, and 644 times from maximum exposure limit and 2 order from light pollution scale perspective as a cold-white light-emitting diode is used in lieu of an oil-lamp for indoor illumination at night. Most electric lights are not only rich in short-wavelength emission that possesses the comparatively strongest biohazard effect, but also relatively bright per unit. The respective illuminance from a 10 watt incandescent bulb, compact fluorescent lamp and light-emitting diode is 3, 38 and 78 folds as comparing with that of an oil-lamp. Nevertheless, biohazard free oil-lamp or candle light-style emission can be generated using innovative lighting technologies such as candlelight organic light-emitting diode to minimize the pollution and likewise the biohazards, while utilizing fully their energy-saving and high light-quality properties.

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