研究生: |
盧盈智 |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
鄉村與都市國小學童體型特徵、平衡能力與身體活動量之差異 The differences of anthropometry, postural stability and daily physical activity between urban and rural elementary students |
指導教授: | 黎俊彥 |
口試委員: | |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
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論文出版年: | 2006 |
畢業學年度: | 94 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 66 |
中文關鍵詞: | 國小學童 、體型特徵 、平衡能力 、身體活動量 、都市 、鄉村 |
外文關鍵詞: | elementary student, anthropometry, postural stability, physical activity, urban, rural |
相關次數: | 點閱:3 下載:0 |
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中文摘要
本研究旨在探討鄉村與都市國小男、女學童在體型特徵、平衡能力與身體活動量之差異。本研究將以新竹市學生人數在1000人以上之17所都市國民小學,及苗栗縣教育局公佈,學生人數低於100人以下之34 所偏遠鄉鎮小學中,各隨機抽取12 所與23 所,分別作為都市與鄉村學校之取樣代表。並於都市代表學校中各抽取三、四年級各二個班,每班男、女學童都市各3名,鄉村則因學生人數較少,全數施測,共712 人(都市學童280人與鄉村學童432人)作為本研究之受試對象。採用Heath-Carter體型測量法與AMTI測力板,來檢測受試者的身體型態及評估身體的靜態平衡能力,另以七日身體活動回憶問卷評估身體活動量。以比較鄉村與都市國小學童在體型特徵上、平衡控制及身體活動量上的差異情形。所得資料以描述統計、獨立樣本二因子變異數分析等統計方法進行分析,顯著水準α=0.05。所得結果如下:
一、在體型特徵方面:在身高上,都市較鄉村學童為高;男童較女童的體重為重;男童的BMI值較女童為高。經Heath-Carter體型分類法分析之後,男童的中胚值較女童為高,女童的外胚值較男童為高。鄉村學童的體型大部分集中於中胚型(45%)及中間型(25%),而都市學童則集中在中胚型(36%)及內胚型(28%)。
二、在平衡能力方面:鄉村學童在平衡能力上,不論男、女皆較都市學童為佳,而女童較男童為好。
三、在身體活動量方面:不論是每週活動量、每日睡眠時間、中度活動時間、重度活動時間或劇烈活動時間,鄉村學童皆明顯較都市學童為多;在每日輕度活動時間上都市則較鄉村學童為多。不論城鄉,學童的上學方式大多為家長接送。
以上研究結果可望提供政府教育單位及體委會,作為施政與改善學童教育資源與環境及提升體能之參考。
Abstract
Students from 12 sampled urban elementary schools (12/17) and from 23 sampled rural elementary schools (23/34) were recruited as subjects. The classification of urban and rural elementary schools was according to the number of students in each school. For example、schools have more than one thousand students were classified as urban and schools have less than one hundred students were classified as rural. Because there are fewer students in rural schools、all students from the twelvive representative rural schools were selected and tested for data analyses. The total number of subjects was 712 elementary students (260 students from urban school and 432 students from rural schools). Anthropometry was measured by anthropometric somatotypes followed by the methods described by Carter and Heath. Postural stability was measured by AMTI force plate as the mean radius of center of pressure (COP) distribution. Physical activity was evaluated by the seven day physical activity questionnare recall. All data were expressed as mean standard deviation and the independent two-way ANOVA was used to examine the difference between urban and rural students in anthropometry、postural stability、and physical activity. The significant level of statistics was set as α= 0.05. Results as follow: 1) Anthropometry: urban students were taller than rural students and boys weighed more than girls. Boys have higher portion of Mesodormorph than girls but girls have higher portion of Ectomorph than boys』. 2) Postural stability: The mean radius of COP was significant smaller in rural students than urban students. 3) Physical activity: More weekly activities、daily sleep hours、middle、heavy、and severe activities were found in rural students than urban students. Otherwise、urban students participated more in light activity than rural students. This study demonstrated than the characteristics of physique and motor performance between urban and rural students were different and might affect by numerious factors. Our result might provide useful information for education policies-making and resources enhancing.
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