二氧化鈦（TiO2）是在相水分散體中最常用於異相光催化和光敏降解有機染料的半導體材料之一，已被證明在可見光照射下能有效淨化染料。染料在TiO2表面的吸附是光催化的第一個重要步驟。在這項研究中，比較三種光催化劑對於五種染料的吸附和光降解之間的關係：光催化劑分別爲商業ST-01（未處理的TiO2），鹼性過氧化氫處理的TiO2（AHP-TiO2）以及在AHP-TiO2中加入鐵離子懸浮液；五種染料分別為陰離子（磺基羅丹明B 和曙紅Y），陽離子（羅丹明6G和亞甲基藍）和兩性離子（羅丹明B）染料。使用不同的光催化劑與染料的pH值效應，顯示陰離子染料，傾向於酸性溶液中的吸附行為，使催化劑表面和陰離子染料間發生靜電引力。按照這個邏輯，陽離子染料喜歡鹼性條件下的吸附。除兩性離子染料外，不同pH值（2-10）均可發生吸附，但吸附量似乎不高。實驗數據顯示，所有染料/光催化劑系統均可在30分鐘內達到吸附平衡，而光催化劑對每種染料的吸附能力強烈受到pH值及其等電點的影響，進而改變靜電相互作用（陰離子染料的酸性pH值和陽離子染料的鹼性pH值）。多數的吸附過程實驗數據顯示，每種染料的個別pH值皆遵照假二階吸附動力學模型。
研究不同pH值和光催化劑用量，可了解有機染料在TiO2表面的吸附量與光降解速率常數間的關係。藉由五種染料的pH值及其吸附量的改變可釐清染料敏化降解的過程。一般來說，較高的吸附容量會擁有較高的光降解，因為大部分的分解反應會發生在光催化劑的表面。但當吸附量（qe）高於0.16 µmol.mol-1時，光降解效率與吸附量成反比。溶液中增加未處理的TiO2會導致活性位點的損失，進而產生聚集現象導致光降解效率降低，合成之AHP-TiO2，有相當優異分散性，因此仍能維持高光降解效率，且皆遵守假一級反應速率(pseudo-first-order reaction)。綜觀上述，在染料敏化光降解過程中，通過改變催化劑的性質，pH條件，催化劑用量，添加金屬離子等可提高有機染料的吸附能力，並在可見光光譜下的光催化效率有很好的表現。

TiO2 is one of the most used semiconductors for heterogenous photocatalysis and self-photosensitized degradation of organic dyes in aqueous TiO2 dispersions has been proved to be an efficient decontamination of dyes under visible light irradiation. The adsorption of dyes on the TiO2 surfaces is the first significant step for photocatalysis. In this study, the relationship between adsorption and photodegradation of dyes was tested with three photocatalysts, including commercial ST-01 (untreated-TiO2), alkaline hydrogen peroxide TiO2 (AHP-TiO2), and the addition of ferric ion into the AHP-TiO2 suspension and five dyes including anionic (sulforhodamine B and eosin Y), cationic (rhodamine 6G and methylene blue), and zwitterion (rhodamine B) dyes. The pH effect has been investigated for five dyes by using different three photocatalysts. For anionic dye, the adsorption behaviour prefers to acidic solution in order to let the electrostatic attraction take place between catalyst surface and anionic dye. To this logic, cationic dye prefers to basic condition. Except for zwitterion dye, the adsorption can be taken place in every pH (2 – 10) but the capacity seems not to be high. The experimental data showed that the adsorption equilibrium could be attained in 30 min for all dye/photocatalyst systems. The adsorption capacity of a photocatalyst for each dye is strongly dependent upon pH and its isoelectric point, varying the electrostatic interaction (acidic pH for anionic dye and basic pH for cationic dye). For most of the experimental data in adsorption process, pseudo-second order was best fitted for every pH of each dye.
The relationship between adsorbed amount of organic dyes onto TiO2 surface and photodegradation rate constant as function of pH and photocatalyst dosage was investigated. Through the data from the whole five dyes as function of pH, adsorbed amount of dye (qe, µmol.mol-1) is important for further dye-sensitized degradation. In general, the higher adsorption capacity would lead to the higher degradation because most of the decomposition reaction takes place on the surface of photocatalyst. However, when qe was higher than 0.16 µmol.mol-1, the degradation efficiency would tend to decrease in all dye systems. As for photocatalyst dosage, the increase of untreated-TiO2 into the solution will lead to the loss of active sites then come to the decease of photodegradation efficiency due to the phenomenon of aggregation. But AHP-TiO2 has been synthesized in order to overcome this issue that the photodegradation efficiency will increase when adding more AHP-TiO2 into the solution to provide more active sites for further degradation. For most of the experimental data in photocatalysis, the first-order reaction rate is considered to be appropriate to describe the degradation of compounds. In dye-sensitized photodegradation process, the adsorption capacity of organic dye which plays as a trigger must be paid much attention through the change of property of catalyst, pH condition, catalyst dosage, additional metal ions, etc to enhance the photocatalytic efficiency in the visible spectrum.

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