在生物多樣性領域中，學者常利用兩群落的共同物種數來瞭解兩群落的相似性、相異性或互補性，因此估計共同物種數扮演一個很重要的角色。在早期的文獻當中，關於共同物種數的估計方式較少深入探討，因此傳統的作法都是直接將樣本中觀察到的共同物種數當作估計值，但此種方式明顯的低估。在此用無母數的方法來估計兩群落中共同物種數，及利用柯西-史瓦茲不等式估計共同物種數下界，抽取樣本的方式分成隨機歸還取樣和隨機不歸還取樣，分別以個體和區塊為取樣本單位。修改軟體SPADE的共同物種數估計與設計一程式模擬，利用電腦模擬的方式觀察估計量的表現，最後修正兩群落中使用拔靴法估計之標準差，並探討其表現。

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