利用量子干涉產生雙光子開關｜國立清華大學博碩士論文庫

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研究生：	蘇予珉 Su, Yu-Min
論文名稱：	利用量子干涉產生雙光子開關 Biphoton Switching by Quantum Interference
指導教授：	褚志崧 Chuu, Chih-Sung
口試委員:	劉怡維 Liu, Yi- Wei 王立邦 Wang, Li-Bang
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	理學院 - 物理學系 Department of Physics
論文出版年：	2020
畢業學年度：	108
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	70
中文關鍵詞：	雙光子、冷原子、量子干涉、電磁波引發透明、單光子、開關
外文關鍵詞：	Biphoton, cold atom, quantum interference, EIT, single photon, switching
相關次數：	點閱：3 下載：0
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我們使用包含Λ態的電磁波引發透明能階的M態原子系統，利用自發四波混頻產生雙光子。因此我們能夠在這個系統中產生窄頻的雙光子。
利用額外的一道光加入自發四波混頻的原子系統，我們可以操控量子干涉，藉此來產生雙光子開關。
利用額外的一道switching光，我們能夠在自發四波混頻系統中操作量子干涉，進而改變系統的線性、非線性電極化率，最後達成雙光子開關。
這篇論文提供了雙光子開關的理論計算，並展示了實驗結果。
我們相信，雙光子開關有潛力產生雙光子的電晶體(biphoton transistor)或是先驅單光子(heralded single photon )的路徑器(router)。

It’s well know that considering a double “\lambda” type system including a “\lambda” type Electromagnetically-Induced-Transparency (EIT) in a cold atomic ensembles can be used to generate temporally long and narrowband biphotons.
By using a properly configured external field connected to the double “\lambda” system, we are able to manipulate the quantum interference in the biphoton generation process.
This thesis provides the complete theoretical formalism of biphoton switching by controlling quantum interference phenomenon in the spontaneous four-wave-mixing (sFWM), and we demonstrate the physical phenomenon experimentally.
We believe that, this observed biphoton switching phenomenon may have the potential application to realize biphoton transistor and heralded single photon router.

目錄

圖目錄 iv
緒論                                                1
單光子開關(Single Photon Switching)                            3
1 在Λ系統中的電磁波引發透明 ...................... 3

1.1 在交互作用觀下的漢米頓算符(Hamiltonian in Interaction Picture) ............................. 4

1.2 解出薛丁格方程式 ........................ 7

1.3 線性電極化率以及頻譜...................... 8
1.4 理論模擬結果(Simulation Result) .............. 9

1.5 裏態觀(Dressed State Picture) ................   10

2 利用量子干涉產生單光子開關(Photon Switching by Quantum Interference)................................. 12

2.1 在交互作用觀下的漢米頓算符.................. 13

2.2 解出薛丁格方程式(Atom’s Reaction  to the Field) . . . . . 13

2.3 線性以及非線性電極化率(Linear and Nonlinear Sesceptibility)13

2.4 裏態觀(Dressed State Picture) ................ 15

2.5 理論模擬結果(Simulation Result) .............. 16

2.6 克爾效應引發的相位變化(Phase Shift due to Kerr Effect) . 19

在雙Λ系統中產生自發四波混頻(Spontaneous Four Wave Mixing in Double Λ system) 22

1 海森堡觀(Heisenberg picture)..................... 23
1.1 雙光子的產生(Biphoton Generation). . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2 交互作用觀(Interactuin Picture) ................... 26

2.1 雙光子的產生(Biphoton Generation). . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3 線性以及非線性電極化率 ........................ 29

4 理論模擬結果............................... 32

4.1 比較兩種觀的模擬結果...................... 33

4.2 Rabi Oscillation Regime .............. 34
4.3 Group Delay Regime....................... 35

以量子干涉開關雙光子之研析(Biphoton Switching by Quantum Interference) 37
1 在交互作用觀中的漢米頓算符...................... 38

1.1 Anti-Stokes以及Stokes的電極化率(χas 以及χs(3))........39

1.2Anti-Stokes以及Stokes的電極化率(χs 以及χas(3)).........40

2 理論模擬結果............................... 41

2.1 Group Delay Regime................. 41
2.2 Rabi Oscillation Regime.............. 43

3 雙光子相移(Biphoton Phase Shift).................. 47
實驗架設 50
1 MOT 的基本介紹.............................. 50

2 準備MOT以及雙光子的雷射波長 .................... 51

2.1 87Rb|5P3/2⟩D2 Line雷射........................... 51
2.2 87Rb|5P1/2⟩D1 Line雷射............................ 53
3 雙光子開關實驗的時序設定 ....................... 54
3.1 產生雙光子實驗的時序設定 ................... 54
3.2 EIT的時序設定.......................... 55
4 雙光子實驗上使用的能階 ........................ 57
5 雙光子開關的實驗架設.......................... 58
6  實驗結果 ................................. 59
6.1 單光子開關 ............................ 59

6.2  Group Delay Regime中的雙光子開關.............. 61

結論  63
A 裏態觀(Dressed State Picture)                                   64
B 雙光子的耦合方程式 (Coupled Equation)                    67
參考文獻                                                                                                        69

                                

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