簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 葉清華
Ching-Hua Yeh
論文名稱: 瑜珈運動對產後婦女生理與心理健康之影響
Influence of Yoga Exercise on Physical and Mental Health in Postpartum Women
指導教授: 謝錦城
Chin-Cheng Hsieh
口試委員:
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱:
論文出版年: 2014
畢業學年度: 103
語文別: 中文
中文關鍵詞: 瑜珈健康體適能產後情緒狀態睡眠品質
外文關鍵詞: Yoga, physical fitness, postpartum emotional state, sleep quality
相關次數: 點閱:1下載:0
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 摘要
      本研究旨在探討瑜珈運動對產後婦女生理與心理健康之影響。本研究以80位產後婦女為研究對象,實驗組40位(年齡31.67±3.91歲,身高160.43±4.64公分,體重57.72±5.88公斤),控制組40位(年齡34.50±4.09歲,身高159.96±4.31公分,體重63.07±8.13公斤)。實驗組接受為期12週每週3次每次60分鐘之中低強度(自覺量表介於11-13之間)的瑜珈運動;控制組以正常生活模式進行。並於實驗前、後進行生理(包含身體組成、柔軟度、肌力及生理健康狀況)與心理(包含憂鬱指數、心理健康評估及睡眠品質)測量,藉以評估瑜珈運動對產後婦女生理與心理健康之影響。實驗所得之資料以描述性統計和單因子共變數分析進行統計分析,顯著水準訂為α=.05。結果顯示:
    一、12週瑜珈運動訓練後,實驗組的生理指標方面:除了身體組成未達顯著差異之外,其餘如柔軟度、肌力及生理健康狀況皆達顯著差異(p<.05)。
    二、12週瑜珈運動訓練後,實驗組的心理指標方面:除了睡眠品質未達顯著差異之外,其餘如憂鬱及心理健康評估皆達顯著差異(p<.05)。
    本研究結論:產後婦女經過12週瑜珈運動介入後,對柔軟度、肌力、生理健康狀況、憂鬱指數及心理健康評估上具有積極正面顯著訓練效益,可做為產後婦女健康促進的參考。
    關鍵字:瑜珈、健康體適能、產後情緒狀態、睡眠品質


    Abstract
      The study aimed to investigate the influence of yoga on the physical and mental health in postpartum women. The subjects of the study were 80 postpartum women, and 40 of them were in the experimental group (age 31.67±3.91 years, height 160.43±4.64 cm; weight 57.72±5.88 kg), and the other 40 women were in the control group (age 34.50±4.09 years, height 159.96±4.31 cm; weight 63.07±8.13 kg). The experimental group received low-and-medium intensity yoga 60 minutes each time, 3 times a week for 12 weeks (the rating of perceived exertion scale was between 11 and 13), while the control group led a normal life. Physical (including body composition, flexibility, muscle strength and physical health) and mental (including depression, mental health assessment and sleep quality) measurement was conducted before and after the experiment to evaluate the influence of yoga on the physical and mental health of postpartum women. Data obtained from the experiment were analyzed with descriptive statistics and one-way ANCOVA (analysis of covariance), and the level of significance was α=.05. The results of the study showed that:
    Ⅰ.After the twelve-week yoga training, in the aspect of the physical index of the experimental group, body composition did not reach significant difference, while flexibility, muscle strength and physical health reached significant differences (p<.05).
    Ⅱ.After the twelve-week yoga training, in the aspect of the mental index of the experimental group, sleep quality did not reach significant difference, while depression and mental health reached significant differences (p<.05).
    The conclusion of the study is that the twelve-week yoga had positive and significant training effectiveness upon the flexibility, muscle strength, physical health, depression index and mental health assessment of postpartum women, and it can serve as a reference for the health promotion of postpartum women.

    Keywords: Yoga, physical fitness, postpartum emotional state, sleep quality

    目錄 中文摘要 I 英文摘要 Ⅱ 目錄 Ⅲ 表目錄 Ⅵ 圖目錄 Ⅶ 第壹章 緒論 第一節 研究背景與動機 1 第二節 研究目的 3 第三節 研究假設 3 第四節 名詞操作型定義 3 第五節 研究範圍與限制 6 第貳章 文獻探討 第一節 瑜珈定義與內涵 7 第二節 瑜珈運動對生理與心理健康之影響 10 第三節 瑜珈與健康體適能相關研究 12 第四節 產後婦女之身體特質 15 第五節 產後婦女情緒狀態相關研究 16 第六節 產後睡眠品質相關研究 23 第七節 文獻總結 29 第參章 研究方法 第一節 研究對象 30 第二節 實驗工具與方法 31 第三節 研究流程 39 第四節 瑜珈運動課程內容 40 第五節 資料處理與分析 43 第肆章 結果與討論 第一節 受試者基本資料分析 44 第二節 瑜珈運動對產後婦女生理健康之差異情形 45 第三節 瑜珈運動對產後婦女心理健康之差異情形 50 第四節 討論 54 第伍章 結論與建議 第一節 結論 60 第二節 建議 60 引用文獻 中文文獻 62 英文文獻 68   附錄 附錄一: 受試者須知 76 附錄二: 受試者同意書 77 附錄三: 基本資料 78 附錄四: 生理健康狀況問卷 79 附錄五: 貝氏憂鬱量表 80 附錄六: 心理健康評估問卷 84 附錄七: 匹茲堡睡眠品質量表 85 附錄八: 瑜珈動作圖解 86   表目錄 表2-5-1 產後憂鬱症的症狀表 18 表2-5-2 產後憂鬱症的分類與處置表 20 表2-5-3 產後憂鬱症評估量表 21 表2-6-1 睡眠週期、釋放賀爾蒙對身體功用一覽表 25 表2-6-2 睡眠品質評估量表 27 表3-2-1 匹茲堡睡眠品質評分表 37 表3-4-1 瑜珈運動流程表 40 表3-4-2 瑜珈課程進度表 41 表3-4-3 瑜珈體位法與預防效益表 42 表4-1-1 受試者基本資料分析表 45 表4-2-1 實驗組與控制組前後測身體質量指數摘要表 46 表4-2-2 實驗組與控制組前後測坐姿體前彎摘要表 47 表4-2-3 實驗組與控制組前後測握力摘要表 48 表4-2-4 實驗組與控制組前後測生理健康狀況摘要表 49 表4-3-1 實驗組與控制組前後測憂鬱指數摘要表 50 表4-3-2 實驗組與控制組前後測心理健康評估摘要表 51 表4-3-3 實驗組與控制組前後測睡眠品質摘要表 53   圖目錄 圖3-2-1 三角形檢測器 32 圖3-2-2 坐姿體前彎測量1 33 圖3-2-3 坐姿體前彎測量2 33 圖3-2-4 TTM-YD型電子握力測量器 33 圖3-2-5 握力測量 33 圖3-3-1 研究流程圖 39 圖4-2-1 瑜珈介入後身體質量指數變化情形 46 圖4-2-2 瑜珈介入後坐姿體前彎變化情形 47 圖4-2-3 瑜珈介入後握力變化情形 48 圖4-2-4 瑜珈介入後生理健康狀況變化情形 49 圖4-3-1 瑜珈介入後憂鬱指數變化情形 51 圖4-3-2 瑜珈介入後心理健康評估變化情形 52 圖4-3-3 瑜珈介入後睡眠品質變化情形 53

    參考文獻
    中文部份
    戈依莉(2012)。社區產後運動方案成效。臺灣運動心理學報。12(2),59-65。
    孔繁鐘譯(2006)。情感性疾患。DMS-IV精神科疾病診斷手冊。台北:合記。311-372。
    方進隆(1997)。健康體適能的理論與實務。台北市:漢文。
    方進隆、陳玉英(1997)。社區介入策略對工作場所同仁健康體適能的影響研究。體育學報,24,133-144。
    王淑諒、陳靜敏、張碧貞、郭素珍(2004)。坐月子期間產婦之健康促進生活方式及其影響因素之探討。國立台中護理專科學校學報,3,13-39。
    台北市衛生局(2006)。婦幼保健篇。台北市:台北市政府衛生局。
    行政院體委會(1998)。國民體能檢測實務手冊。台北:行政院體委會。
    艾揚格(2005)。瑜珈之光。北京:世界圖書。
    吳佳儀(2002))。社區老人睡眠品質與身體活動、憂鬱之相關性探討(未出版之碩士論文)。台灣大學,台北市。
    呂美玲(2003)。老年人健康狀況、身體活動與功能性體適能相關之探討(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,台北市。
    宋敏如(2006)。瑜珈運動對更年期婦女疲憊、健康體能與更年期症狀捆擾成效之探討(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺北護理學院,台北市。
    宋海霞、宋海燕(2006)。淺析瑜珈形體訓練對高校女大學生身體型態的影響。右江民族醫學院學報,28(2),174-176。
    巫靜怡、林麗娟(2008)。瑜珈運動對身心減壓的效益。中華體育,22(1),47-53。
    李小璐(2005)。婦女之睡眠品質、疲倦及憂鬱:產後二週及四週時間順序列研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立台北護理學院,台北市。
    李玉如(2000)。音樂治療對安養機構老人睡眠品質與情緒狀態之成效探討(未出版之碩士論文)。國立台北護理學院,台北市。
    李宇宙(2006)。睡眠醫學。台北:健康世界叢書。
    李亭儀、楊仁仁(2011)。哈達瑜珈。大專體育,113,1-6。
    李從業、陳信孚、馮容莊、王子芳、方郁文、江曉菁、王瑤華、潘婉琳、黃國儀、曾英芬、洪秀志、柯淑華(2004)。實用產科護理。台北:華杏圖書。
    杜春治、黃郁玲(2009)。瑜珈運動對健康效益的影響。成大體育學刊,41(2),48-57。
    車先蕙、盧孟良、陳錫中、張尚文、李宇宙(2006)。中文版貝克焦慮量表之信效度。台灣醫學,10(4),447-454。
    卓俊辰(1994)。體適能與運動處方。國立體適能指導手冊。91-121,台北市。
    林正常(2003)。運動生理學。台北:藝軒。
    林正常、林貴福、徐台閣、吳慧君(2003)。體適能與運動表現的理論與應用。於林正常總校閱。運動生理學(二版),台北:藝軒。
    林彥妤、郭利百加(1997)。心理衛生─現代生活的心理生活適應。臺北市:桂冠。
    林美汝(2010)。於對國小學童檢康體適能與平衡能力之影響(未出版之碩士論文)。東華大學,花蓮縣。
    林容萱、林晉利(2008)。瑜珈呼吸法、體位法及冥想之生心理效益探討。大專體育,97,154-161。
    林嘉玲(2000)。自費安養機構老人睡眠品質及其相關因素之探討(未出版之碩士論文)。台灣大學,台北市。
    林衢良、林淑芬(2005)。大學生運動習慣、自覺健康狀況與幸福感之調查研究:以聯合大學學生為例。大專體育學術期刊,406-415。
    邱顯峰(1995)。靈性瑜珈-瑜珈體位法教學。瑜珈體位法教學參考手冊。台北:中華民國喜悅之路靜坐協會。
    柯淑華(2009)。產後婦女睡眠品質之探討:質量交叉研究(未發表之博士論文)。高雄醫學大學,高雄市。
    柯慧貞、黃耿妍、李毅達、莊麗珍(1996)。以貝氏憂鬱量表應用於國人週產期篩選之適用性。中華公共衛生雜誌,15(3),208-219。
    洪志秀、張素凰、金繼春(1993)。產褥期婦女之壓力與其相關因素。公共衛生,20(1),29-43。
    洪睿聲(2005)。瑜珈體位法對安養機構老年人生理心理健康相關因素之影響(未出版之碩士論文),屏東師範學院,屏東市。
    洪睿聲、陳坤寧(2003)。瑜珈之生理心理功能。大專體育,69,147-158。
    孫嘉玲、林佳靜、蘇佩珊、周桂如(2008)。失眠之概念分析。護理雜誌,55(5),79-84。
    翁麒焜(2006)。規律運動對焦慮與憂鬱的影響效果。文化體育學刊,4,21-32。
    馬懿慈(2003)。社區老人健康促進生活型態及其相關因素之探討-以嘉義縣民雄鄉為例(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學,台北市。
    張淑玲(2011)。不同運動族群中年婦女的體適能及生活品質之比較研究。輔仁大學體育學刊,10,115-133。
    莊淑意(2008)。台灣地區中年人運動及自覺健康狀況相關性研究(未出版之碩士論文)。亞洲大學,台中市。
    許秋玫、賴茂盛(2010)。淺談瑜珈對人體的益處。萬能學報,32,71-78。
    陳妤瑄、張世沛(2010)。運動對睡眠品質的改善。台中體院體育,6,111-121。
    陳志賢、戴嘉南、連亭嘉(2003)。初為人父母心理調適之研究。諮商輔導學報-高師輔導所刊,(9),17-46。
    陳金鼓(2000)。瑜珈訓練對靜態工作女性之健康體適能影響。華岡理科學報,17,83-92。
    陳美玉(2011)。運用文獻分析法探討瑜珈運動心理和生理健康之效益(未出版之碩士論文)。南開科技大學,台南。
    陳桂敏、洪瑄曼(2006)。探索瑜珈的身心治療效益。長期照護雜誌,10(2),190-202。
    陳偉任、林清華(2004)。產後憂鬱症回顧。台灣醫界,47(4),163-167。
    陳彰惠、曾英芬(1994)。產後憂鬱的盛行率和預測因子。護理研究,2(3),263-274。
    陳彰惠、林淑玟、楊秋鈴、方郁文、楊慶華、高碧琴、周培萱、李小璐、祁安美、孫惠玲、王淑芳、傳雅麟、陳怡靜、陳韻如、魏琦芳(2005)。實用產科護理學。台中市:華格那圖書。
    張春興(2006)。張氏心理學辭典。台北市:東華。
    曾英芬、陳彰惠、王惠珍、蔡秋月(1994)。比較在家中與坐月子中心坐月子婦女的產後適應。高雄醫學科學雜誌,(10),458-468。
    傅祖慶、林富美(2004)。蓋統生理學,台北:華杏。
    曾齡慧(2001)。社區老人睡眠品質、失眠類型與求助方式之探討---以台北市基督長老教會松年大學為例(未出版之碩士論文)。國立台灣師範大學,台北市。
    黃久華(2003)。產婦執行坐月子習俗遵循度與產後健康狀態之相關研究(未出版之碩士論文)。陽明大學,台北市。
    黃仙萍、王國興、魯劍英、陳亞那(2004)。對產後抑鬱症相關問題的探討,護理研究,山西,18(1),109-111。
    黃美芳(2008)。瑜珈運動介入憂鬱患者其成效之初探。輔導專刊,44(4),12-20。
    黃嘉慧(2002)。恐慌症患者之認知行為治療-短期效應與長期效應之評估(未出版之碩士論文)。高雄醫學大學,高雄市。
    游恆山(1993)。情緒心理學(譯)。台北市:五南。
    張宏亮(1993)。運動與憂鬱。國民體育季刊,22(3),86-94。
    張玨(1989)。山地居民的生活適應。摘自張苙雲、張玨、胡幼慧等台灣地區山地鄉居民健康狀況及醫療需求調查研究計畫第三章。衛生署研究報告,41-68。
    楊子慧、李明濱、張秀如(2005)。產後憂鬱症。北市醫學雜誌,2(7),598-604。
    楊亭儀、楊仁仁(2011)。哈達瑜珈。大專體育,113,1-6。
    鄒碧鶴 黃瀞如(2005)。比較適能瑜珈與體重控制運動處方介入對大學生健康體適能的影響。嘉南學報,31,405-419。
    廖士程、李明濱、李宇宙(2000)。睡眠生物學基礎及臨床意義。台灣醫學,4(6),694-703。
    廖玲玲(2005)。新手媽媽與社位支持。教育社會學通訊,10(2),23-27。
    維基百科(2008)。瑜珈。2013年10月14日,取自維基百科, 網址:http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%9C%E4%BC%BD&variant=zh-hant
    鄧振華(2007)。產後憂鬱症的中醫療法。中醫婦科醫學雜誌,9,54-61。
    鄧繼強(1992)。兒童心理的輔導。台北:五南。
    劉美珠(1990)。瑜珈-身心合一的科學。中華體育,4(1),44-50。
    劉景昇(2007)。產後憂鬱症。婦科醫學雜誌,8,67-70。
    蔡幸珍、張自強、陳湘玉、陳郁全、劉嘉逸(2008)。瑜伽活動應用在精神科職能治療成效初探。台灣職能治療研究與實務,4(1),69-76。
    蔡玲玲、侯建元合譯(1997)。睡眠。台北:遠哲基金會。
    蔡政思(2000)。睡眠圖譜。台北:合記。
    蔡政思(2003)。認識睡眠障礙。台北:宏欣文化。
    賴美淑(2000)。運動與肌肉適能。論壇健康促進與疾病預防委員會文獻回顧研析計劃,國家衛生研究院。
    蔣強、錢海紅(2005)。我到底怎麼了?自我身心健康管理。台北市:生智文化事業股份有限公司。
    衛生福利部國民健康署孕產婦關懷站(2012)。認識產後憂鬱症,2012年12月3日,取自:http://mammy.hpa.gov.tw/kbcontent.asp?cid=27&ty=%2D1&ti=%E8%AA%8D%E8%AD%98%E7%94%A2%E5%BE%8C%E6%86%82%E9%AC%B1%E7%97%87
    鄧振華(2007)。產後憂鬱症(Postpartum Depression)的中醫療法。中醫婦科醫學雜誌(9),54-61。
    鄭銹絨、陳彰惠(2001)。產褥期間母親的關注與社會支持。護理研究,9(3),311-322。
    蕭永薰、季瑋珠、趙坤郁(1995)。體適能簡介。基礎醫學,10(3),50-52。
    蕭秀茹(2009)。瑜珈臨床教學介入對產後憂鬱生心理之影響(未出版之碩士論文)。國立屏東教育大學,屏東。
    戴彰佑(2005)。憂鬱患者進行瑜珈運動介入促進生理心理健康之研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立屏東教育大學,屏東。
    鍾玉珠、林純臻、黃美瑜、孫嘉玲、陳佩英、陳光慧(2014)。瑜珈對護理人員失眠、下背痛、壓力及體適能之成效探討。健康與建築雜誌,1(2),49-57。
    鍾傑(2003)。睡眠障礙-失眠。2003年12月12日,取自http://www.health-circle.com/VIG5/Promotion/health%20talkl,htm
    藍孝勤(2000)。太極養生功訓練對大學女生焦慮及憂鬱的影響。國立體育學院叢書,11(1),79-97。
    嚴苑華(1992)。圖解瑜珈自然健康法。台北:遠流出版社。
    英文部分
    Ananthanaarayanan, T. V., & Srinivasan, T. M. (1994). Asana-based exercises for the management of low-back pain. Journal of International Association of Yoga Therapists, 4, 6-15.
    Andreas, M. L., Paul, G., Ayhan, A., Jost, L., Rainer, L., Tobias, E. (2005). Rapid stress reduction and anxiolysis among distressed women as a consequence of a three-month intensive yoga program. Medical Science Monitor, 11(12), CR555-561.
    Anthony, L. (2002). Post-natal exercise, pre- and post-natal fitness (61-78). CA: American Council on Exercise.
    Arizmendi, T. G., & Affonso, D. D. (1987). Stressful events related to pregnancy and postpartum. Journal of psychosomatic Research, 31(6), 743-756.
    Backhaus, J., Junghanns, K., Broocks, A., Riemann, D., & Hohagen, F. (2002). Test-retest reliability and validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in primary insomnia. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53(3), 737-740。
    Bick, D. E., & MacArthur, C. (1995). The extent, severity and effect of health problems after childbirth. British Journal of Midwifery, 3, 27-31.
    Brown, M. A. (1986). Social support, stress, and health: A comparison of expectant and fathers. Nursing Research, 35(2), 72-76.
    Brown, S., & Lumley, J. (2000). Physical health problem after childbirth and maternal depression at six to seven months postpartum. British Journal of Obstertrics and Gynaecology, 107, 1194-1201.
    Buchholz, B., Frederick, L., & Armstrong, T. J. (2005). An Investigation of human palmar skin friction and the effect of materials, pinch force and moisture, Ergonomics, 31(3), 317-325.
    Buysse, D. J., Reynolds III, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Research, 28, 193-213.
    Carty, E. M., & Bradley, C. (1996). Women’s perception of fatigue during pregnancy and postpartum. Clinical Nursing Research, 5, 67-76.
    Chaine, G., Cormier, L., Moutillet, M., Noreau, L., Leblance, C.& Landry, F. (1989). Body mass index as a discriminant function among health-rekated variable and risk factors. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Finess, 29(3), 253-261.
    Chen, K. M., Chen, M. H., Lin, M. H., Fan, J. T., Lin, H. S., & Li, C. H.(2010) Effects of yoga on sleep quality and depression in elders in assisted living facilities. The Journal of Nursing Research, 18(1), 53-61.
    Chen, K., Chen, M., Chao, H., Hung, H., Lin, H., & Li, C. (2009). Sleep quality, depression state, and health status of older adults after silver yoga exercise; cluster randomized trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 46(2), 154-163.
    Chen, K. M., & Tseng, W. S. (2008). Pilot-testing the effects of a newly-developed silver yoga exercise program for female seniors. Journal of Nursing Research, 16(1), 37-46.
    Cohen, D. C., Eisdorfer, C., Prize, P., Bre, A., Davis, M., & Dadsby, A. (1983). Sleep disturbances in the institutionalized aged. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 31(2), 79-82.
    Cotman, C. W., & Engessor-Cesar, C. (2002). Exercise enhance and protects brain function. Exercise and Sport Sciences Review, 30(2), 75-90.
    Dion, M. (1977). A study of the effects of progressive relaxtion training on changes cepts in low self-concept college students. Dissertion Abstracts Intermational, 37,4860.
    Emmey, R., & Dawn, M., (2002). Hatha Yoga therapy management of urologic disoreders. World Journal of Urology Urol, 20, 306-309.
    Errante, J. (1985). Sleep deprivation or postpartum blues. Topics in clinical nursing, 6(4), 9-18.
    Esch, T., Fricchione, G. L., & Stefano, G. B. (2003). The therapeutic use of the relaxation response in stress-related diseases. Medical Science Monitor, 9(2), RA23-34.
    Field, T. (2011). Yoga clinical research review. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 17 (1), 1-8.
    Forge, R. W. (2005). Aligning mind and body: Exploring the disciplines of mindful exercise. ACSM’S Health & Fitness Journal, 9(5), 7-14.
    Forge, R. L. (2005). Mind-body exercise training. In C. J. Jones, & D. J. Rose(Eds), Physical activity instruction of older adults, 232-245. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
    Funderburk, J. (1977). Science Studies Yoga. Glenview Ⅲ: Himilayan Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy of U. S. A. Clin Pract, 17(1), 1-8.
    Galantino, M., Bzdewka, T., Eissler, J., Holbrook, M., Mogck, E., Geigle, P., & Farrar, J. T. (2004). The impact of modified Hatha yoga on chronic lowback pain: a pilot study. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 10(2), 56-59.
    Galantino, M. L., Desai, K., Greene, L., Demichele, A., Stricker, C. T., & Mao, J. J. (2012). Impact of yoga on functional outcomes in breast cancer survivors with aromatase inhibitor-associated arthralgias. Integrative Cancer Therapies, 11(4), 320-331.
    Garfinkel, M. S., Sighal, A., Katz., W. A., Allan, D. A., Reshetar, R, & Schumacher, H. R. Jr. (1998). Yoga-based intervention for carpal tunnel syndrome: A randomized trial. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 280(18), 1601-1603
    Gay, C. L., Lee, K. A., & Lee, S. Y. (2004). Sleep patterns and fatigue in new mothers and fathers. Biological Research for Nursing, 5(4), 311-318.
    Gennaro, S., & Fehder, W. (2000). Health Behavior postpartum women. Family Community Health, 22(4) , 16-26.
    Glazener, C. M., Abdalla, M., Stroud, P., Naji, S., Templeton, A., & Russell, I. T. (1995). Postnatal maternal morbidit: extent, causes, prevention and treatment. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecplogy, 102, 282-287.
    Harinath, K., Malhotra, A. S., Palk, K., Prasad, R., Kumar, Rai, L., & Saewhney, R. C. (2004). Effects of Haltha Yoga and Omkar meditation on cardiorespiratory performance, psychologic prfile, and melatonin secretion. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine,10(2), 261-268.
    Harris, H. E., Ellison, G. T., Holliday, M., & Lucassen, E. (1997). The impact of pregnancy on the long-term weigh gain of primiparous women in England. Intermational Journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders. Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 21(9),747-755.
    Harrison, M. J., & Hicks, S. A. (1983). Postpartum concerns of mothers and their sources of help. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 74, 25-328.
    Herscovitch, J., & Broughton, R. (1981). Sensitivity of the Stanford Sleeplessness. Scale to the effects of cumulative partial seelp deprivation and recovery oversleeping. Sleep, 4(1), 83-92.
    Huang, C. M., Carter, P. A., & Guo, J. L. (2004). Comparison of sleep and daytime sleepess in depressed and non-depressed mothers during the early postpartum period. Journal of Nursing Research, 12(4), 287-196.
    Khumar, S. S., Kaur, P., & Kuar, S. (1993). Effectiveness of Shavasana on depression among university students. Indian Journal of Clinical Psycholpgy, 20(2), 82-87.
    Kondo, C., Canter, A., & Knott, J. (1975). Relaxation training as a method of reducing anxiety associated with depression. Paper presented at the Biofeedback Research Society Meeting, Monterey, Galif.
    Kuh, D., Bassey, E. J., Butterworth, S., & Hardy, R..(2005). Grip strength, Postural control, and Functional leg power in a representative cohort of British Men and Women; Associations with physical activity, health status, and socioeconomic conditions. The Journal of Gerontol Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Science, 60(2), 224-231.
    Latham, N. K., Bennett, D. A., Stretton, C. M., & Anderson, C. (2004). Systematic review of progressive resistace strength training in older adult. The Journals of Gerontology, Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 59(1), 48-61.
    Lederman, S. A., Alfasi, G., & Deckelbaum, R. J. (2002). Pregnancy associated obesity in black women in New York city. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 6, 37-42.
    Lee, K. A., & Dejoseph, J. F. (1992). Sleep disturbance, vitality, and fatigue among a select group of employed child-bearing women. Birth, 19(4), 208-213.
    Lee, K. A., & Zaffke, M. E. (1999). Longitudinal changes in fatigue and energy during pregnancy and the postpartum. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 28(2), 183-191.
    Lee, K. A., Zaffke, M. E., McEnany, G. (2000). Parity and sleep patterns during and after pregnancy. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 95(1), 14-18.
    Liu, X., Uchiyaman, M., Okawa, M., & Kurita, H. (2000). Prevalence and correlates of self-reported sleep problems among Chinese adolescent. Sleep, 23(1), 27-33.
    MacArthur, C., Bick, D. E., & Keighley, M. R. B. (1997). Faecal incontinence after childbirth. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 104, 46-50.
    Magiakou, M. A., Mastorakos, G., Rabin. D., Dubbert, B., Gold, P. W., Chrousos, G. P. (1996). Hypothalamic corticotrophin-releasing hormone suppression during the postpartum period. The Journal of Clinica Endocrinology and Metabolism,J Clin Endocrinol Metab ,81, 1912-1917.
    Mamtani, R., & Mamtani, R, R. (2005) Ayrveda and yoga in cardiovascular disease. Cardiology in Review, 13(3), 155-162.
    Manjunath, N, J., & Telles, S. (2005). Influence of yoga and ayurved on self-rated sleep in a geriatric population. The Indian Journal of Medical Research, 121(5), 683-690.
    May, K. A., & Mashlmeister, L. R. (1994). Maternal & Neonnatal Nursing Family-centered Care. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company.
    Nieman, D. C. (1997). The exercise health connection. United States: Human Kinetics.
    Nishihara, K., Horiuchi, S., Eto, H., & Uchida, S., (2001). Comparisons of sleep patterns between mothers in post-partum from 9 to 12 weeks and non-pregnant women. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 55(3), 227-228.
    O’Hara M. W, Swain A. M. (1996), Rates and risk of postpartum depression. Internatinal Review psychiatry, 8, 37-54.
    Ostgaard, H. C., & Andresson, G. B. (1991). Previous back pain and risk of developing back pain in a future pregnancy. Spine, 16(4), 432-436.
    Ostgaard, H. C., Zetherstrom, G., & Roos-Hansson, E. (1997). Back pain in relation to pregnancy. Spine, 22, 2945-2950.
    Pender, N. J. (1990). Expressing health through lifestyle patterns. Nursing Science Quarterly, 3(3), 115-122.
    Prakasamma, M., & Bhaduri, A. (1984). A study of Yoga as a nursing intervention in the care of patients with pleural effusion. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 9, 127-133.
    Riley, D. (2004). Hatha yoga and the treatment of illness (commentary). Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 10(2), 20-21.
    Ripoll, E., & Mahowald, D. (2002). Hatha yoga therapy management of urologic disorders. World Journal of Urology, 20(5), 306-309.
    Sampselle, C. M. (1990). Pelvic muscle strength changes and stress urinary incontinence associated with childbirth. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, 19(5), 371-377.
    Sampselle, C., & Seng, J. (1999). Physical activity and postpartum well-being. The Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric, and Neonatal Nurses, 28(1). 41-49.
    Saurel-Cubizolles, M. J., Romito, P., Lelong, N., & Ancel, P. Y. (2000). Women health after childbirth: A longitudinal study in France and Italy, British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 107(10), 1202-1209.
    Sheldon, S. H. (1996). Evaluating sleep in infant and children. New York: Philadephia.
    Shephard, R. (1981). Physiology and biochemistry of exercise. New York: Praeger.
    Shinkoda, H., Matsumoto, K., & Park, Y. M. (1999). Changes in sleep-wake cycle during the period from late pregnancy to puerperium identified through the wrist actigraphy and sleep logs. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 53(2), 133-135.
    Steven, R., Diane, K. R., Jeffrey, M. G., George, C. B., & Mohammadreza, H. (2003). Mindfulness-based stress reduction lowers psychological distress in medical students. Jefferson Myrna Brind Center of Integration. Medicine Faculty Papers, Thomas Jefferson University.
    Strickland, O. L. (1987). The occurrence of symptoms in expectant fathers. Nursing Research 36, 184-189.
    Sukegawa, T., Itoga, M., Seno, H., Miura, S., Inagki, T., Saito, W., et al. (2003). Sleep disturbances and depression in the elderly in Japan. Psychiatry Cosciences, 57(30), 265-270.
    Sultan, A. H., Kamm, M. A., Hudson, C. N., Thomas, J. M., & Bartram, C. I. (1993). Anal-sphincter disruption during vaginal delivery. New England Journal of Medicine, 329, 1905-1911.
    Trethowan, W. H., Conlon, M. F. (1965). The couvade syndrome. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 111, 57-66.
    Tulman, L., Fawceet, J., Groblewski, L., & Silverman, L. (1990). Changes in functional status after childbirth. Nursing Research, 39(2), 70-75.
    Wambach, B. R., Cutrona, C. E. (1990). Nonpsychotic postpartum depression among adolescent mothers. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 99(1), 69-78.
    World Health Organization. (2005). Promotion of mental health:Concept, emerging evidence, practice. Geneva, Switzerland:Author.
    Ugarriza, D. N. (2002). Postpartum depressed others. women’s explanation of depression. Journal of Nursing Sholarship, 34(3), 227-233.
    Virendra, S., Antoni, W., John, B., & Anne, T. (1990). Effect of yoga breathing exercise (paranayama) on airway reactivity in subjects with asthma. Lancet, 335, 1381-1383.
    Walker, L. O., & Avant, K. C. (2005). Strategies for theory construction in nursing (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
    Wambach, K. A. (1998). Maternal fatigue in breastfeeding primiparae during the first
    nine weeks postpartum. Journal of Human Lactation, 14 (3), 219-229.
    Weller, S. (1977). Yoga for tire legs and aching back. The Canadian Nurse, 73(5), 20-23.
    Williams, K. A., Kolar, M. M., Reger, B. E., & Pearson, J. C. (2001). Evaluation of a wellness-based mindfulness stress reduction intervention: A controlled trial. American Journal of Health Promotion, 15, 422-432.
    Woolery, A., Myers, H., Stemlieb, B., & Zeltzer, L. (2004). A yoga intervention for young adults with elevated symptoms of depression. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 10(2), 60-63.

    無法下載圖示 全文公開日期 本全文未授權公開 (校內網路)
    全文公開日期 本全文未授權公開 (校外網路)

    QR CODE