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研究生： 陳郁雯
CHEN, YU-WEN
論文名稱： 閩南語共濟失調型構音障礙個案的語音聲學研究
An acoustic study on Taiwanese ataxic dysarthria: a case study
指導教授： 張月琴
CHANG, YUEH-CHIN
口試委員:
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 人文社會學院 - 語言學研究所
Institute of Linguistics
論文出版年： 2007
畢業學年度： 95
語文別： 中文
中文關鍵詞： 共濟失調型構音障礙 、閩南語 、語音 、聲學
外文關鍵詞： ataxic dysarthria, Taiwanese, acoustic phonetics
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    • 本文以聲學方法研究一位患有遺傳性脊隨小腦萎縮症引起之共濟失調型構音障礙閩南語語者（以下簡稱構音障礙發音人）的語音特性，並推測其發音生理狀況。整個研究包含四個實驗，分別研究輔音、元音、音質、及聲調。
    實驗一研究輔音，包括塞音的嗓音起始時間（以下簡稱VOT）、擦音與塞擦音之音長、噪音能量分佈重心頻率、及頻譜傾斜度。實驗結果發現構音障礙發音人的塞音VOT值出現分佈重疊、且清送氣塞音的分佈範圍大於常人，顯示口腔除阻時間與聲帶開始震動時間的配合不佳。構音障礙發音人的擦音與塞擦音之噪音能量重心分佈頻率高於常人、且頻譜傾斜度值大於常人，顯示擦音的構音舌位較前、發音時氣流通過緊縮點的強度較大。
    實驗二研究元音，發現構音障礙發音人有口元音部份鼻化現象。口元音出現部份鼻化現象，顯示構音障礙發音人的軟顎與其他發音器官的配合有時間上的失誤。此外我們還討論構音障礙發音人的元音音長和它的共振峰值。結果發現他的元音音長拉長，顯示肌張力不足導致發音動作變慢。他的共振峰值與常人相似，但第一共振峰平均值高於常人、且分佈範圍較大，顯示構音障礙發音人在元音發音時能適當控制舌頭，抵達元音發音所需的舌位，但他對舌位高低的控制較常人為差。
    實驗三透過頻譜傾斜度值的測量來研究音質。四個頻譜傾斜度參數h1-h2、h1-a1、h1-a2、h1-a3的研究結果發現，構音障礙發音人的音質兼具有氣嗓音和吱嘎音的特性。生理上，這顯示他發聲時聲門關閉急促且不完全。其次，構音障礙發音人的發聲在音節前半明顯較音節後半緊張，顯示他在音節前半的發聲較用力。
    實驗四研究聲調，結果發現構音障礙發音人與常人相同，有五個聲調的對立，但他的調高較高、高平與高降兩調的起始調高很高、調域較大、且調尾下降。起始調高較高可能是因為構音障礙發音人發音過度用力，將聲調拉高；調域較大則可能與單音節讀詞的實驗方法有關；調尾下降在生理上則反應出肌張力不足。
    總結四個實驗，在生理上，構音障礙發音人的語音中有時間層次的調控不佳（塞音VOT值分佈重疊、口元音部份鼻化）、發音用力程度控制不均（擦音與塞擦音噪音能量分佈重心頻率較高、頻譜傾斜度較大、發音前段喉發聲較後段緊張、聲調起始較高）、肌肉調控細緻度不如常人（清送氣塞音VOT值分佈較廣、元音第一共振峰值較高且分佈較廣）、及肌肉張力不足的現象（音長拉長、調尾下降）。
    本文的結果與其他語言的構音障礙研究結果有同有異，顯示在相同疾病下，使用不同母語的語者之語音表現可能不盡相同，而且實驗方法也可能造成不同結果。未來仍須更多研究進一步探討。

    第1章 前言 1.1 研究背景………………………………………………… 01 1.2 文獻回顧………………………………………………… 01 1.2.1 構音障礙研究………………………………………... 01 1.2.2 閩南語共濟失調型構音障礙研究……………… 06 1.3 研究動機與目的……………………………………….. 07 1.4 閩南語語音系統簡介………………………………… 08 1.4.1 音節結構……………………………………………… 09 1.4.2 輔音…………………………………………………… 09 1.4.3 元音…………………………………………………… 09 1.4.4 聲調…………………………………………………… 10 1.5 各章簡介………………………………………………… 10 第2章 實驗一：輔音 2.1 發音人介紹……………………………………………… 11 2.2 實驗方法………………………………………………… 12 2.2.1 語料……………………………………………………. 12 2.2.2 方法……………………………………………………. 12 2.3 結果……………………………………………………….. 17 2.3.1 塞音VOT……………………………………………… 17 2.3.2 擦音與塞擦音………………………………………… 21 2.4 討論……………………………………………………….. 22 第3章 實驗二：元音 3.1 實驗方法………………………………………………… 27 3.1.1 語料……………………………………………………… 27 3.1.2 方法……………………………………………………… 28 3.2 結果………………………………………………………... 29 3.2.1 共振峰值………………………………………………. 30 3.2.2 音長…………………………………………………….. 33 3.3 討論……………………………………………………….. 34 第4章 實驗三：音質 4.1 實驗方法………………………………………………… 37 4.1.1 語料……………………………………………………. 37 4.1.2 方法……………………………………………………. 37 4.2 結果………………………………………………………. 39 4.2.1 h1-h2………………………………………………... 39 4.2.2 h1-a1………………………………………………... 40 4.2.3 h1-a2………………………………………………… 43 4.2.4 h1-a3…………………………………………....…… 43 4.3 討論……………………………………………………….. 45 第5章 實驗四：聲調 5.1 實驗方法………………………………………………… 47 5.1.1 語料……………………………………………………. 47 5.1.2 方法………………………………………………….… 47 5.2 結果……………………………………………………….. 47 5.2.1 調長…………………………………………………….. 48 5.2.2 調形與調高…………………………………………… 49 5.3 討論……………………………………………………….. 51 第6章 結論 6.1 與前人研究比較………………………………………… 54 6.1.1 輔音研究……………………………………………….. 55 6.1.2 元音研究……………………………………………….. 56 6.1.3 音質研究……………………………………………….. 57 6.1.4 聲調研究……………………………………………….. 58 6.2 綜合比較…………………………………………………... 59 引用書目…………………………………………………………....... i 附錄1 錄音語料表…………………………………………....... iv 附錄2 常人HTY發音非目標音而刪去之語料…………….. v 附錄3 構音障礙發音人JCR發音非目標音而刪去之語料.. vi 附錄4 鼻元音錄音語料表………………………………….......... vii 附錄5 構音障礙發音人JCR聲調錯誤而刪去之語料……... viii

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