本研究提出基於關鍵性分析的PCB檢測設備服務備品分類，以服務品關鍵性及重要度兩個不同維度將PCB檢測設備服務備品區分為九種不同的分類組合。並以個案公司作為範例，實際分析發現個案公司存在關鍵備品庫存不足及庫存過多的服務備品項目。
服務備品關鍵性分析採用影響服務備品關鍵性的關鍵性準則轉換成可區分等級的權重。服務備品關鍵性的定義在過去少有標準的做法，多數採用專家的意見或者經驗進行判定。本研究提出的服務備品關鍵性的分類方法，將關鍵性準則的決定採用文獻回顧搭配專家意見，選擇符合企業特性的關鍵性準則。
分析服務備品採用的關鍵性準則，需考量到PCB檢測設備服務備品的產業或企業特性。專家小組採用修正德菲法取得共識選擇備品損壞影響、採購前置時間、備品規格及共用性等作為分析服務備品關鍵性的關鍵性準則。各關鍵性準則及其關鍵性等級進行專家小組問卷調查並進行AHP層級分析後取得各準則權重並針對各關鍵性等級，將關鍵性準則權重加總後可得服務備品的關鍵性權重。
以個案公司的服務備品進行分析，透過關鍵性準則評估、服務備品數據收集、備品關鍵性評估、建立模型並導入個案公司數據至模型內。分析個案公司的關鍵性準則及關鍵性分類等級，取得最後的服務備品分類。本研究的發現個案公司目前備品存在庫存不足及庫存過多的問題，將有助於提升PCB檢測設備售後服務的備品管理。企業可採用所提出的服務備品關鍵性分類模型，優化服務備品庫存管理，並提高服務滿意度。

This study proposes a PCB inspection equipment spare parts classification based on criticality analysis, which distinguishes PCB inspection equipment spare parts into nine different classification combinations based on two dimensions: service part criticality and importance. Using a case company as an example, the analysis reveals that the case company has inadequate inventory of critical spare parts and excessive inventory of non-critical spare parts.

The criticality analysis of service parts adopts a weighted approach, where criticality criteria that influence the criticality of service parts are transformed into distinguishable levels of weights. In the past, there has been a lack of standard practices for defining the criticality of service parts, with most relying on expert opinions or experiences for determination. In this study, a classification method for service part criticality is proposed, which combines a literature review with expert opinions to select criticality criteria that align with the characteristics of the company.

Analyzing the criticality criteria used for service parts requires considering the industry or company-specific characteristics of PCB inspection equipment service parts. The expert panel adopts the modified Delphi method to reach a consensus on criticality criteria such as the impact of spare part damage, lead time for procurement, spare part specifications, and commonality. Each criticality criterion and its level of criticality are surveyed through the expert panel and analyzed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to obtain the weights for each criterion. By summing up the weights of the criticality criteria for each level, the criticality weights of the service parts can be obtained.

The analysis is conducted on the service parts of the case company by evaluating the criticality criteria, collecting service part data, assessing the criticality of spare parts, establishing a model, and incorporating the case company data into the model. The criticality criteria and classification levels of the case company are analyzed to obtain the final classification of service parts. The findings of this study indicate that the case company currently faces issues of inadequate inventory and excessive inventory of spare parts, which will contribute to improving spare parts management for PCB inspection equipment after-sales service. Companies can optimize their service part inventory management and enhance service satisfaction by adopting the proposed service part criticality classification model.

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