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研究生: 劉明珅
Ming-Shen Liu
論文名稱: 適用於內嵌式核心設計之AMBA介面自動產生工具
An Automatic AMBA Wrapper Generation Tool for Embedded Cores
指導教授: 吳誠文
Cheng-Wen Wu
口試委員:
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系
Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年: 2004
畢業學年度: 92
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 66
中文關鍵詞: 介面自動化核心設計匯流排積體電路設計矽智產
外文關鍵詞: AMBA, Wrapper, interface, bus, IP, SOC, automatic, tool
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  • 隨著設計時程縮短的壓力增加與系統晶片的整合複雜度的提升,設計可重複使用的矽核(Cores)或IP(Intellectual Property)成為整合系統晶片過程中需要面對的課題。對於系統晶片與測試的整合,目前仍然存在著很多的問題,例如在在系統晶片之內的IP們之間相互連接的訊號,數量之龐大與之間溝通的複雜便是個很重要的問題所在。由ARM Limited.公司所推出AMBA協定,是一種逐漸廣為使用的on-chip bus架構。一個以AMBA架構的SOC,一般來說包含了high performance的system bus - AHB與low power的peripheral bus - APB。
    在這篇論文裡,我們提出一種可以依照使用者指定的規格來自動產生AMBA介面的工具。這工具所產生出來的AMBA介面,是可以合成且符合AHB溝通協定的通訊介面。有著這樣的一個工具,當我們要將一個不具有AHB通訊介面的IP整合到一個以AMBA架構的SOC時,我們將不必再自己動手完成整個AMBA介面的設計,而只要依照某些既定的格式填入參數,此工具將會快速的產生為該IP量身訂做的AMBA介面。
    除此之外,我們也將提供一種有效的方法去驗證由這個工具所產生出來的AMBA介面。一些測試用的元件將會隨著AMBA介面的產生而被產生出來,這些驗證的方法和架構也都將在論文裡有著詳細的討論。在最後,我們設計了一個實驗,用來證明這個工具確實能在相較於以手動設計的AMBA介面多出少許面積的情況下,大幅地減少產出一個AMBA介面的時間。亦由這個實驗的結果可以證實,利用這個工具,將有利於發展一個以AMBA架構的SOC。


    As the time-to-market pressure and system-on-chip (SOC) device complexity keeps increasing,
    reusing complex building blocks or Intellectual Property (IP) forces the designers to face the problem
    of integration. There are many problems involving in SOC design and test integration. One of
    them is the large amount of signal interconnections between IPs. The Advanced Microcontroller
    Bus Architecture (AMBA), published by ARM Limited, defines an on-chip communications standard
    for designing high-performance system chips, and has been widely used as an on-chip bus
    protocol in a system chip.
    In this thesis, an AMBA wrapper generation tool is proposed. This tool generates the synthesizable
    communication interfaces that satisfy the AMBA AHB protocol in a system design context,
    which is best used in an AMBA-based system chip that requires IP integration.
    We also provide an effective way to verify the bus wrappers. The testbench is automatically
    generated by the tool. Experimental results show that the wrappers generated via our wrapper
    generator are AMBA compliant and greatly reduce the time to produce an AHB wrapper at the
    expense of very small area overhead.

    1 Introduction 1 1.1 What is IP(IntellectualProperty)? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 ComparisonbetweentheASICDesignFlowand IPDesignFlow . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.3 WhyWrapper? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.4 AdvancedMicrocontrollerBusArchitecture (AMBA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.5 Tools forAMBA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.5.1 AMBADesignKit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.5.2 AMBAComplianceTool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.5.3 AMBAComplianceTestbench . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.5.4 AMBAOn-Chip-Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.5.5 AMBAUniversityKit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.6 AMBAWrapperGenerationTool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.6.1 OverviewofAMBAWrapperGenerationTool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.6.2 AMBAWrapperGenerationFlow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.7 ThesisOrganization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2 Advanced High-performance Bus (AHB) 10 2.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.2 BasicTransferSessionofAHB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.3 ControlSignals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.3.1 TransferType . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.3.2 BurstType . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.3.3 TransferDirection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2.3.4 TransferSize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2.4 Slave Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2.5 ArbitrationSignals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.6 AddressDecoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.7 AHBLite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3 Template Signals of AHBWrapper Generation Tool 19 3.1 SlaveTemplateSignals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.1.1 Classification ofSlaveTemplateSignals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3.1.2 Definition of Slave Template Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3.2 MasterTemplateSignals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 3.2.1 Classification ofMasterTemplate signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 3.2.2 Definition of Master Template Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 4 Configuration of AHB Wrapper Generation Tool 38 4.1 FormatofSystem.cfgFile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 4.1.1 ExampleofSystem.cfgFile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 4.2 FormatofSlave.cfgFile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 4.2.1 ExampleofSlave.cfgFile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 4.3 FormatofMaster.cfgFile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 4.3.1 ExampleofMaster.cfgFile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 5 Verification and Experimental Results 48 5.1 VerificationofAHBSlaveWrapper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 5.1.1 ExampleAMBASYstem(EASY) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 5.1.2 Verification ofTemplateSignalsProtocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 5.1.3 Verification ofAMBACompliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 5.2 VerificationofAHBMasterWrapper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 5.2.1 Verification ofTemplateSignalsProtocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 5.2.2 Verification ofAMBACompliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 5.3 ExperimentalResults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 6 Conclusions and Future Work 63 6.1 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 6.2 FutureWork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

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    [2] ARM Components, Inc., “AMBA Design Kit.” http://www.arm.com/miscPDFs/4605.pdf,2003.
    [3] DesignWare Library, “AMBA On-Chip-Bus Data Sheet.” http://www.synopsys.com/, 2003.
    [4] ARM Components, Inc., “AMBA Compliance Test-bench.”
    http://www.arm.com/miscPDFs/1743.pdf, 2003.
    [5] DesignWare Verification IP, “AMBA Compliance Tool Data Sheet.”http://www.synopsys.com/, 2003.
    [6] ARM Components, Inc., AMBA University Kit User Guide, Sept. 2001.
    [7] M. Keating and P. Bricaud, Reuse Methodology Manual. KAP, third ed., 2002.
    [8] ARM Components, Inc., “AHB lite overview.” http://www.arm.com/miscPDFs/1744.pdf, 2001.
    [9] ARM Components, Inc., AMBA University Kit Technical Reference Manual, Sept. 2001.
    [10] ARM Components, Inc., AMBA Compliance White Paper, Aug. 2002.
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    [12] National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). Springfield, VA 22161: National Technical Information Service, Nov. 2001.
    [13] Y.-C. Lin, “A word-based RSA public-key crypto-processor core for IC smart card,” master thesis, Dept. Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, June 2001.
    [14] C.-H. Wang, “A high speed word-based RSA crypto-processor,” master thesis, Dept. Electrical
    Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, June 2003.
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    [17] R. L. Rivest, “The MD5 message-digest algorithm.” RFC 1321, the Internet Society, Apr. 1992.

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