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研究生: 吳定濬
Wu, Ting-Chun
論文名稱: 應用在10G 全速率全數位時脈與資料回復電路設計
A 10-GHz Full Rate All Digital Clock and Data Recovery
指導教授: 朱大舜
Chu, Ta-Shun
口試委員: 王毓駒
Wang, Yu-Jiu
吳仁銘
Wu, Jen-Ming
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系
Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年: 2022
畢業學年度: 110
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 94
中文關鍵詞: 時脈與資料回復電路全數位
外文關鍵詞: CDR, All Digital
相關次數: 點閱:1下載:0
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  • 全數位式時脈與資料回復電路相較於傳統式的時脈與訊號回復電路,有著更好抗雜訊的能力且對製程、電壓及溫度變異(Process,Voltage,Temperature Variation ,PVT Variation)則沒有那麼敏感,由於先進製程的演進,電路晶片設計可以更容易隨著製成一起縮小面積。
    本論文主要實現應用於10-GHz全速率之時脈與回復電路,其中本論文所使用的相位偵測器為二進位相位偵測器,其中電路多了偵測隨機輸入資料是否發生轉態的訊號,方便後面的數位迴路濾波器進行運算,而數位迴路濾波器則是採用累加器去完成,且在比例路徑加了SR栓鎖器,避免在遇到連續相同碼時,時脈與資料回復電路之時脈訊號發生改變,導致位元錯誤率的上升,而數位控制振盪器則是採用LC式振盪器,使其相位雜訊能夠好一點,讓最後的抖動容忍度能更加的完美。
    論文開頭則是先介紹高速串列訊號傳輸的架構,並依序對其不理想效應進行探討,並對接收端非常重要的眼圖進行講解,接著介紹時脈與資料回復電路的架構以及該電路所需要注意的指標,然後在對本篇論文電路進行數學上的分析,並探討穩定度的問題,最後則是詳細的去介紹所使用的每個子電路特性與操作並進行最後附上整個電路的結果與布局,而本論文使用TSMC 65nm 1P9M CMOS製程,且供應電壓為1.2V的環境下去實現全速率全數位時脈與資料回復電路。輸入資料為10 Gbps PRBS32,也因為是全速率操作,所以還原時脈也是 10Ghz,整體系統功耗為12.72mW。


    Compared with the traditional clock and data recovery circuit, the all-digital clock and data recovery circuit has better anti-noise ability and is less sensitive to process, voltage and temperature variation . Not so sensitive, because of the evolution of advanced processes, the circuit chip design can more easily shrink in area along with the fabrication.
    This paper mainly realizes the clock and recovery circuit applied to 10-GHz full rate. The phase detector used in this paper is a binary phase detector, and the circuit has more functions to detect whether the random input data has transition. The signal is convenient for the subsequent digital loop filter to perform the operation, and the digital loop filter is completed by the accumulator, and the SR latch is added to the proportional path to avoid the clock and data recovery when encountering the same continuous code. The clock signal of the circuit changes, which leads to an increase in the bit error rate. The digital controlled oscillator uses an LC oscillator, so that the phase noise can be better, and the final jitter tolerance can be more perfect.
    At the beginning of the paper, the structure of high-speed serial signal transmission is introduced, and its non-ideal effects are discussed in sequence, and the very important eye diagram at the receiving end is explained, and then the structure of the clock and data recovery circuit and the circuit are introduced. The indicators that need to be paid attention to, and then mathematically analyze the circuit of this paper, and discuss the problem of stability, and finally introduce the characteristics and operations of each sub-circuit used in detail, and finally attach the results of the entire circuit. In this paper, the TSMC 65nm 1P9M CMOS process is used, and the supply voltage is 1.2V to realize the full-rate full-digital clock and data recovery circuit. The input data is 10 Gbps PRBS32, and because it is full-rate operation, the restoration clock is also 10Ghz, the overall system power consumption is 12.72mW。

    摘要 i Abstract ii 目錄 iii 表目錄 vi 圖目錄 vii 第一章 序論 1 1.1 研究動機 1 1.2 論文架構 3 第二章 高速串列訊號 4 2.1 簡介 4 2.2 資料傳輸型態 4 2.2.1 歸零編碼 4 2.2.2 不歸零編碼 5 2.3 時脈抖動簡介 7 2.3.1 隨機時脈抖動(Random Jitter ,RJ) 8 2.3.2 定量性抖動(Deterministic Jitter ,DJ) 9 2.4 時脈抖動量測 12 2.4.1 循環抖動(Cycle-to-Cycle Jitter ,C2C Jitter) 12 2.4.2 週期抖動(Period Jitter) 13 2.4.3 時間間隔誤差(Time Interval Error ,TIE) 13 2.5 眼圖分析 14 2.6 位元錯誤率 15 第三章 時脈資料回復電路簡介 18 3.1 前言 18 3.2 取樣速率 19 3.3 時脈與資料回復電路架構 20 3.3.1 無參考時脈的時脈與資料回復電路 21 3.3.2 有參考時脈的資料與時脈回復電路 22 3.3.3 基於相位插值器的時脈與資料回復電路 24 3.4 時脈與資料回復電路的抖動函數 25 3.4.1 抖動轉移函數 25 3.4.2 抖動產生(Jitter Generation) 28 3.4.3 抖動容忍度(Jitter Tolerance) 30 第四章 架構設計與實現 33 4.1 電路架構 33 4.2 系統分析 34 4.2.1 抖動轉移函數 34 4.2.2 抖動容忍度 37 4.2.3 線性扭轉 38 4.2.4 非線性扭轉 39 4.2.5 延遲對穩定度的影響 41 4.2.6 設計KP與KI值 44 4.3 相位偵測器 46 4.3.1 線性相位偵測器 46 4.3.2 非線性項為偵測器 50 4.3.3 D型正反器(D Flip-Flop) 53 4.3.4 結果分析與比較 61 4.4 數位迴路濾波器 63 4.4.1 比例路徑操作 63 4.4.2 積分路徑架構 64 4.4.3 積分路徑操作 65 4.5 數位控制振盪器 67 4.5.1 LC 振盪器特性 67 4.5.2 切換式電容 70 4.5.3 溫度計編碼(Thermometer Code) 73 4.5.4 位準偏移器 76 4.5.5 尾端電容的影響 78 第五章模擬結果與電路佈局 80 5.1 二進位相位偵測器佈局與模擬 80 5.1.1 D型正反器 80 5.1.2 二進位相位偵測器 81 5.2 數位迴路濾波器 82 5.2.1 比例路徑 82 5.2.2 積分路徑 82 5.3 數位控制振盪器 84 5.4 系統迴路模擬結果 87 第六章 結論 91 6.1 總結 91 6.2 未來展望 92 參考資料 93

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