觀測在傳輸線末端超導人造原子的Autler-Townes分裂

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研究生：	李紹齊 Lee, Shao-Chi
論文名稱：	觀測在傳輸線末端超導人造原子的Autler-Townes分裂 Observation of Autler-Townes Splitting in a Superconducting Artificial Atom Situated at the End of Transmission Line
指導教授：	許耀銓 Hoi, Io-Chun
口試委員:	余怡德 Yu, Ite-A. 郭華丞 Kuo, Watson
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	理學院 - 物理學系 Department of Physics
論文出版年：	2017
畢業學年度：	105
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	34
中文關鍵詞：	量子光學、超導人造原子、Autler-Townes 分裂、超導電路、Transmon 、量子電動力學電路
外文關鍵詞：	Quantum optics, Superconducting artificial atom, Transmon, Autler-Townes splitting, Superconducting circuits, Circuit QED
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電路-量子電動力學為以電路所製成的人造原子與微波訊號來探測物質與光
之間交互作用的領域。本篇論文中，我們將利用置於傳輸線末端(亦即微波波峰
位置) 的超導人造原子-transmon 與同調微波之間強耦合的特性來探測量子光學
效應。
首先，我們藉由調整入射微波的頻率和功率來量測系統的反射係數及相
位圖，並根據理論的計算結果擬合出人造原子基態與第一激發態的躍遷頻率，
transmon 的相消干比率及鬆弛比率。經由反涉率及入射微波功率的實驗數據,
我們發現在低光功率時。人造原子將有如一面鏡子，將反射大部分的光子，在
高光功率時，則呈現飽和的狀態，光子將完全經由邊界完全反射。接著，我們
通過兩道微波來測定第一激發態與第二激發態之間的躍遷頻率，並持續增加第
一至第二激發態的入射微波功率，我們觀察到Autler-Townes 分裂。我們的實
驗結果為使用超導人造原子作為系統來深入量子光學現象的第一步。

Circuit quantum electrodynamics (C-QED) is referred to a circuit architecture by
using artificial atom coupled to a microwave resonator as a laboratory to explore
various fundamental interactions between light and matter. Here we investigate
the quantum optics effects of a superconducting artificial atom, named transmon,
strongly coupled to coherent microwave via one-dimensional transmission line,
without resorting a cavity to confine the microwave photons. In particular, we deliberately
implement transmon at the end of transmission, an anti-node position
of microwave field. We measure the reflection and phase properties of system with
frequency detuning and power modulation, and extract the transition frequencies
of the atom via reflection measurement. We find that transmon acts as a mirror for
a weak resonant probe-field, but behaves as a saturated atom as strongly probed.
When we apply a strong control tone associated with the first-second state excitation,
we observe clear Autler- Townes splitting. Our results demonstrate a first
step toward using transmon to explore more intriguing quantum-optic phenomena.
More experimental results and analysis will be presented and discussed.

Introduction 1
1 Quantum Two-Level System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Superconducting device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.1 Josephson Junction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.2 DC SQUID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3 Quantum Optics with Superconducting Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Theoretical background 7
1 Superconducting artificial atom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.1 The Single Cooper-Pair Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.2 The Transmon regime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2 1D Coplanar Waveguide Transmission Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3 Interaction of EM Field via a Transmon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.1 A Transmon at the end of 1D Transmission Line . . . . . . 15
3.2 Autler-Townes Splitting at the End of Transmission Line . . 18
Experimental setup 20
1 Experimental setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.1 Sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.2 Microwaves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Experimental results and Discussion 23
1 Reflection of Coherent Scattering from the Artificial Atom . . . . . 23
2 Flux Dependant of the Tunable Artificial Atom and Two tune Spectroscopy
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3 Autler-Townes Splitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Conclusion and Outlook 31
Bibliography 32
                                

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