摘要
本研究主要目的在於：一、了解國小中高年級兒童在關係性攻擊/受害行為的現況。二、了解兒童關係性攻擊/受害類型在性別上的關係。三、了解兒童關係性攻擊/受害類型在年級上的關係。四、了解不同關係性攻擊/受害類型兒童在生活適應上的差異。
本研究採用問卷調查法，以桃竹苗地區的學生為研究對象。首先，每個縣市均以隨機叢集抽樣的方式挑選學生，桃園縣四所小學、新竹市二所小學、新竹縣和苗栗縣各抽取三所小學，接著每一學校再以隨機叢集抽樣法取出2個四年級班級與2個六年級班級，得有效樣本1477份。經過類別化變數處理，挑選符合條件之樣本共724份，分類為未參與型、關係性攻擊型、關係性受害型、兼具關係性攻擊/受害型四類型兒童。本研究使用的工具包括「關係性攻擊/受害行為量表」、「國小生活適應量表」。所得資料以次數分配表、卡方考驗、雙因子變異數分析進行假設考驗。研究結果發現如下：
一、 在關係性攻擊/受害行為中，兼具關係性攻擊/受害型的人數多於未參與型兒童，關係性受害型兒童的人數比例也高於關係性攻擊型兒童人數。
二、 有關關係性攻擊行為，男生的情形高於女生；有關關係性受害行為，男女生的感受沒有差別。關係性攻擊型和兼具關係性攻擊/受害型兒童中，男生的比例高於女生的比例，關係性受害型兒童中，女生的比例高於男生。
三、 有關關係性攻擊行為，六年級學生發生的情形高於四年級學生；關係性受害行為，四年級學生和六年級學生沒有差異。而四種類型兒童人數比例再年級上沒有差異存在。
四、 在關係性攻擊/受害行為與生活適應的相關中，未參與型兒童在生活適應上表現最好，兼具關係性攻擊/受害型兒童最差，而關係性攻擊型與關係性受害型兒童二者在生活適應上沒有顯著差異。

Abstract

The main purpose of the study was to 1) understand the phenomenon of relational aggression and victimization of the Grade-3 to Grade-6 pupils, to 2) explore the differentiation of relational aggression between genders, to 3) realize the correlation of relational aggression and victimization among different grade levels, and to 4) to investigate the difference of living adaptability among pupils of different sorts of relational aggression and victimization.
Questionnaire survey method was applied in the study, in which some students living in the district of Taoyuan, Hsinchu and Miauli were invited as the study participants. First, students were selected in each area by random sampling. There were four schools selected in Taoyuan County, two in the Hsinchu City, three in Hsinchu County and three in Miaoli County. Then, two Grade-4 and two Grade-6 students were selected by random sampling in each school, and 1477 samples were confirmed. The researcher continued to screen the samples which tallied the conditions by classified variable treatment and retrieved 724 samples which were categorized to four sorts as “neither aggressors nor victims”,“relational aggressors”,“relational victims”and “both aggressors and victims”. The research instrumentation applied in the study included “questionnaire of relational aggression / victimization”and “questionnaire of living adaptability of elementary school pupils”. The collected data was used to verify the related hypotheses by frequency distribution, chi-square and two-way ANOVA. The findings revealed that :
1) For relational aggression and victimization, pupils of both aggressors and victims were more then those who were neither aggressors nor victims. The percentage of victims was higher then the aggressors.
2) As for relational aggression, the male was more frequent then the female. As for relational victimization, there was no notable difference between boys and girls. As for relational aggressors and those who were both aggressors and victims, the percentage of boys was higher than the girls. Among relational victims, the percentage of girls was higher than the boys.
3) For relational aggression, the frequency of Grade-6 was higher than Grade-4. There was no notable difference between Grade-6 and Grade-4 for relational victimization. Additionally, no notable difference in the percentage of pupils was confirmed among the four sorts.
4) As for the correlation between relational aggression/victimization and living adaptability, pupils of non aggressors and victims had the best performance in living adaptability. Those who were both aggressors and victims had the worst performance. Furthermore, there was no notable difference between relational aggressors and victims.

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