透過擬人假體模型來進行輻射劑量評估是一項重要的課題，但是大多數的假體都是固定直立的姿勢，在一些特殊應用的情況下便無法建立擬真的幾何模型，例如:輻射工作人員近距離在複雜體射源的周遭工作，在這些情況下假體的不同動作可能導致器官劑量的分佈與直立姿勢有很大的差異。本研究引進美國核管會RAMP計畫中的PIMAL程式，該程式允許擬人假體的手、腳等幾何做更大自由度的變化，可以建立更符合真實情況的模型。本研究首先比較透過PIMAL輔助所建立模型之模擬結果與ICRP報告的數值以及與文獻Γ值(Gamma factor)來做驗證，接著建立輻射工作人員走向/走離射源的動態模型，探討以PIMAL輔助建立實際動作模型與建置一連串連續動作之可行性。本研究也針對PIMAL程式在使用上的一些限制進行探討，例如PIMAL無法自由定義上半身的座標，導致旋轉後身體一些器官的位置資訊難以獲得，本研究開發輔助程式來協助解決此問題。本研究最後會建立一系列工作人員面對輻射之模型，盡可能的逼近其實際情況來探討PIMAL的應用潛力，在案例(1)與案例(2)中針對輻射工作人員與射源桶之案例，對於不同的姿勢與劑量之關係進行探討；在案例(3)與案例(4)中則是針對在醫療行為中接觸到輻射的工作人員通常不會同時配戴眼睛、指環、胸章劑量計，因此實際在透過單一劑量計評估劑量時可能忽視其他重要的器官，進而導致劑量超過法規限值以及身體受到危害，對於此問題提供相關器官與全身有效劑量之轉換比值，以及在不同條件下的劑量關係。實際建立的模型包括: (1)面對射源桶之輻射工作人員，若要快速地利用點核仁法評估劑量或是以何種高度下的點作為人體代表點最逼近真實、以何種高度下的點作為代表點較為保守 ; (2)進行量測射源桶作業時所受最小劑量之作業方向與不同動作對比站立時之劑量比值 ; (3)放射師以手處理核醫藥物時在不同條件下之有效劑量與器官等價劑量關係的探討 ; (4)透視攝影時穿戴不同厚度鉛眼鏡、鉛衣之醫生劑量的評估。

The phantom is a common and important way to assess radiation dose. Most of the phantom are in the upright standing posture. Therefore, for some special cases, it is impossible to establish a very realistic geometric model, such as the model of nuclear radiation workers nearing complex high–intensity sources, In these cases, the movement of the phantom results in a geometrically different distribution of the organs, which will bring a large error to the estimation of the dose. This study introduces the PIMAL program from the US Nclear Regulatory Commission’s RAMP program. With the aid of the PIMAL program, it is possible to incorporate more degrees of freedom in the geometry of the arms and legs to achieve a more realistic model. This study will first compare the simulation results of the model established by PIMAL with the ICRP’s report and the Gamma factor to confirm that the model is more informative and accurate. Then will build the model of the phamtom walking toward / away the sources to discuss the feasibility to establishing series of continuous actions model with the aid of PIMAL. Since the coordinates of the upper body cannot be freely defined, the position information of some organs in the body will be difficult to obtain in the PIMAL program. The restriction of the PIMAL program will be solved by developing an auxiliary program. In the end, more details about the application of the works facing radiation source will be discussed. In case (1) and case (2), the case of radiation workers and source barrels is mainly discussed for the doses under different postures. In case (3) and case (4), the medical workers exposed to radiation usually don’t wear eye, ring, and chest dosimeters at the same time, so it is possible to ignore other organs when evaluating doses through a single dosimeter. This study will provide a conversion ratio between the organ dose and the effective dose, as well as the dose relationship under different conditions. The cases are as follows: (1) The best assessment point and the conservative assessment point in the phantom model to present the human body. (2) The direction of the smear test that achieves the minimum dose. And to compare the dose of different postures with the standard upright standing posture. (3) The effective dose of the radiologist in the treatment of nuclear medicines under different conditions. (4) To simulate amd discuss the dose to the doctor while doing fluoroscopy with different thickness lead protection.

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