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研究生: 李伶美
Lee, Yeong-Mi
論文名稱: 以漢、韓對比分析探討韓語母語者的結果補語遺漏偏誤現象
The Study on Ommision Error Types of Resultative Complements of Korean Learners through the Comparative Analysis of Chinese and Korean
指導教授: 劉承慧
Liu, Cheng-Hui
口試委員: 陳淑芬
Chen, Shu-Fen
吳貞慧
Wu, Chen-Huei
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 人文社會學院 - 中國文學系
Chinese Literature
論文出版年: 2020
畢業學年度: 108
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 78
中文關鍵詞: 結果補語結果補語對應的韓語形式結果補語遺漏偏誤偏誤分析動詞的詞彙動貌
外文關鍵詞: complement of results, complement of result of corresponding Korean syntax, omission error types of resultative complements, error analysis, lexical aspect of verb
相關次數: 點閱:1下載:0
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  • 本論文的目的為探討「韓語母語者的結果補語遺漏偏誤現象」與「母語韓語」之間的相關關係。透過宋燕、崔日義(2011)、劉秀萍(2012)、楊德峰等(2016)的先行研究,可知「韓語母語者的結果補語遺漏偏誤現象」確實是一種偏誤類型;而且,李銀京(2009)、宋燕、崔日義(2011)、劉秀萍(2012)、徐瑜彤(2016)等研究共同指出,偏誤率最高的是「結果補語遺漏偏誤」。對此現象的原因分析雖有所不同,但共同點為指出受到韓語的干擾。根據本論文整理至今的文獻資料的結果,並未發現由詞彙動貌(lexical aspect)的角度分析過前述問題。因此,本論文即由詞彙動貌的角度出發,分析「韓語母語者的結果補語遺漏偏誤現象」。

    本論文透過「漢語結果補語對應的韓語成分與其形式」之分析得知,有的漢語結果補語在翻譯為韓語時,並沒有特定翻譯的形式;亦即「謂語 (結果補語消失)」形式。因此,本論文認為「韓語母語者的結果補語遺漏偏誤現象」的產生,與「母語韓語」之間具有某種關聯。表面上「韓語母語者常遺漏結果補語的原因」與漢語結果補語在韓語裡沒有特別翻譯的「謂語 (結果補語消失)」形式有關;至於其根本原因則在於漢語與韓語的動詞之間,動詞的內部時間性質(internal temporal constituency)有所差異,致使韓語母語者學習漢語時,對於結果補語的使用造成妨礙。為了論證以上假設,本論文選用劉秀萍(2012)所分析的「遺漏結果補語」97句為語料,將其翻譯成韓語後,查看這97句的動結式在韓語裡屬於哪一些形式。分析結果,果然「謂語 (結果補語消失)」形式共67句,在整體句型中占了高達69%。接著本論文對此67句作為分析的語料,進行述補結構之分析。結果顯示,謂語共24個,結果補語共11個。根據此24個謂語的對應韓語,由動詞動貌屬性(aspectual character)的角度分析探究:漢語與韓語的動詞之間動詞的內部時間性質--尤其是完成性(telic)--是否有所差異。分析結果,「此24個謂語的對應韓語」果然都包含[+完成性]。因此,本論文所得結論如下:因漢語與韓語的動詞之間動詞的內部時間性質有所差異,而導致韓語母語者受母語的影響下妨礙了結果補語使用。但是,由於語料來源的限制,本論文缺乏「韓語母語者正確運用漢語結果補語」的語料分析,為本論文之侷限與不足之處。


    The thesis examines the connection between “the phenomena of native speakers’ omission error types of resultative complements” and “Korean as mother tongue.” Reviewing the previous studies of Song and Cui (2011), Liu (2012), and Yang et. al. (2016), it was discovered that the phenomena of native speakers’ omission error types of resultative complements is an error category. Moreover, the studies of Li (2009), Song and Cui (2011), Liu (2012), and Hsu (2016) points out that “omission error types of resultative complements” has the highest frequency of error. Regarding this phenomenon, although it is different from the analysis of reasons, the common point indicates the interference of Korean. According to the literature summarized in this thesis, there is no analysis of the mentioned issue from a lexical aspect. Therefore, the thesis departs from the perspective of lexical aspect to analyze “the phenomena of native speakers’ omission error types of resultative complements.”
    From the analysis of the “result-complement of Chinese and the contrastive analysis of the result-complement usages in Chinese and Korean grammar,” it is known that when translating a result-complement from Chinese into Korean, there is no particular syntax for translation. Simply put, it is the syntax of the predicate (the missing result-complement). Therefore, this thesis would like to argue that the formation of “the phenomena of native speakers’ omission error types of resultative complements” is associated with “Korean as mother tongue” in certain ways. Regarding its basic reason, it is the difference of internal temporal constituency of verbs in Chinese and Korean, resulting in certain obstacles for Korean native speakers when learning Chinese. To prove the above hypothesis, this thesis employed the 97 sentences analyzed by Liu (2012) with the focus on the omission of resultative complements as corpus to investigate the syntax of the verb-copying compound of Korean in these 97 sentences. The result of the analysis indicates that there are 67 sentences that contains the syntax of predicate (the missing of result-complement), occupying 69% of the overall sentence structures. Then, this thesis regarded the 67 sentences as corpus for the analysis of predicate-complement. The result indicates that there were 24 predicates and 11 complements. The Korean terms corresponding to these 24 predicates was analyzed with the aspectual character of verbs to determine whether there is any difference regarding the internal temporal constituency between verbs in Chinese and Korean, especially telic. The result of the analysis is that “the corresponding Korean terms of these 24 predicates” include [+telic]. Therefore, this thesis concludes that due to the difference in the internal temporal constituency between verbs in Chinese and Korean, it influences native speakers of Korean in using complements. Nevertheless, due to the lack of analysis of corpus in “the accurate use of Chinese complement of result by native speakers of Korean,” there are certain limitations and inadequacies in this thesis.

    謝辭 ··································································································································································I 中文摘要 ························································································································································II Abstract ···························································································································································III 目錄 ·································································································································································V 表目錄 ····························································································································································VII 圖目錄 ····························································································································································VIII 縮略語 ····························································································································································IX 第1章 緒論 ··············································································································································1 1.1 研究動機及研究問題 ·······················································································································1 1.2 理論背景 ···············································································································································3 1.2.1 弱式的對比分析假設 ···············································································································3 1.2.2 第二語言習得與偏誤 ···············································································································3 1.2.3 動詞的內部時間性質與動詞分類 ·······················································································4 1.3 韓語術語 ················································································································································6 1.3.1 韓語的句子結構 ·························································································································6 1.3.2 助詞 ·················································································································································6 1.3.3 語尾的分類 ···································································································································7 1.3.4 元音和諧律(vowel harmony)·······························································································8 1.3.5 本動詞 + 補助動詞 ··················································································································9 1.4 研究架構 ··············································································································································10 第2章 文獻探討 ·····································································································································11 2.1 關於韓語母語者之漢語結果補語的偏誤分析 ······································································11 2.2 關於漢語結果補語對應的韓語成分分析研究 ······································································16 第3章 漢語結果補語對應的韓語成分及其形式 ·························································20 3.1 漢、韓兩個語言的句子成分與「補語」概念 ······································································20 3.2 漢語結果補語對應的韓語成分與其形式 ················································································22 3.2.1 謂語 ················································································································································23 3.2.1.1 「V-連結語尾 + 謂語」形式 ·····················································································23 3.2.1.2 「狀語 + 謂語」形式 ···································································································25 3.2.1.3 「(漢語謂語消失) 謂語」形式 ··················································································26 3.2.2 補助動詞 ·········································································································································27 3.2.3 狀語 ···················································································································································28 3.2.3.1「副詞 + 謂語」形式 ·········································································································28 3.2.3.2 「形容詞-게[-ge] + 謂語」形式 ····················································································29 3.2.3.3 「名詞/名詞句-副詞格助詞 + 謂語」形式 ······························································31 3.2.4 副詞格助詞 ······································································································································31 3.2.5 複合詞 ···············································································································································33 3.2.6 結果補語消失 ································································································································34 3.2.7 其他形式 ··········································································································································35 3.3 「漢語結果補語對應的韓語成分」與「偏誤類型」之間的關係 ································37 第4章 「遺漏結果補語」分析 ·······························································································44 4.1 以動貌屬性(aspectual character)分類的韓語動詞 ··································································44 4.2 測試「完成性」的句法機制 ········································································································50 4.2.1 「-아/어 있- [-a/eo iss-]」········································································································50 4.2.2 「-고2 있- [-go2 iss-]」············································································································51 4.2.3 「T-만에[man-e] V-었다[eoss-da]」······················································································53 4.2.4 「V1-다가[da-ga] V2-었다[eoss-da]」··················································································58 4.3 小結 ························································································································································60 第5章 結論 ·············································································································································61 5.1 總結 ························································································································································61 5.2尚待解決的問題 ·································································································································63 參考文獻 ·····················································································································································64 附錄1:劉月華(2005)《實用現代漢語語法(上、下)》結果補語88個例句 ··········································67 附錄2:劉秀萍(2012)《韓國學生使用漢語結果補語的偏誤研究》中的語料 - 遺漏結果補語97句 ···72

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    學位論文
    李銀京,《韓國留學生漢語結果補語偏誤分析》,北京:北京語言大學漢語水平考試中心碩士論文,2009。
    宋青,《韓國留學生漢語結果補語習得特點和偏誤分析》,吉林:吉林大學漢語國際教育碩士論文,2013。
    金宗燮,《韓國留學生使用漢語結果補語的情況考察》,北京:北京語言大學人文學院碩士論文,2006。
    金記範,《結果補語和與此相對應的韓國語成分硏究》,韓國首爾:韓國外國語大學校中語中文學科碩士論文,2002。
    金晶炫,《漢語動結式在韓國語中的對應形式》,吉林:吉林大學語言學及應用語言學碩士論文,2006。
    柳暻辰,《韓國學生漢語結果補語的偏誤分析及教學設計》,廣州:廣東外語外貿大學漢語國際教育碩士論文,2016。
    徐瑜彤,《韓國留學生學習漢語結果補語的偏誤分析》,瀋陽:瀋陽師範大學漢語國際教育碩士論文,2016。
    陳怡靜,《現代漢語動詞後置成分之語法意義與教學排序》,台北:國立臺灣師範大學華語文教學研究所碩士論文,2004。
    劉秀萍,《韓國學生使用漢語結果補語的偏誤研究》,山東:山東大學漢語國際教育碩士論文,2012。

    김천학(Kim, Cheon Hak),《국어의 동사와 상에 관한 연구》(The study on the verb and aspect in contemporary korean),首爾:首爾市立大學國語國文學科博士論文,2007。
    정규석,《국어 동사의 상(相)에 대한 연구》(A Study on Aspect of the Korean Verb),晉州市:國立慶尙大學國語國文學科博士論文,2005。
    조민정(Jo, Min-jeong),《국어의 상에 대한 연구》(A Study on the Aspect of korean),首爾:延世大學國語國文學科博士論文,2000。
    박덕유(朴德裕),《現代韓國語的動詞相硏究》,仁川市:仁荷大學國語國文學科博士論文,1997。
    박진호(Park, Jin-ho),《한국어의 동사와 문법요소의 결합 양상》(Combinatorial patterns of verbs and grammaticla elements in Korean),首爾市:國立首爾大學國語國文學科博士論文,2003。

    單篇論文
    宋燕、崔日義,〈韓國學生漢語結果補語偏誤原因對比探析〉,《Chinese Language Education and Research》,第14號,2011.12,頁137-148。
    魯健驥,〈偏誤分析與對外漢語教學〉,《語言文字應用》,1992.1,頁69。
    盧順點,〈談韓生在使用漢語結果補語時經常發生的謬誤-兼談韓語對應於漢語結果補語的用法〉,《東海中文學報》,第29 期,臺中:2015,頁231-250。
    김천학(Kim, Cheon Hak),〈한국어 동사의 종결성(telicity)에 대한 연구〉(The Study on the Telicity in Korean Verbs),《Language & Information Society》,21 (首爾:2014),頁23-51。
    노순점(盧順點),〈漢語結果補語의 연구-漢語 結果補語에 대응되는 韓國語 성분분석(상)〉,《中國學論叢》,第19 輯,大邱:2005,頁37-56。
    이익환(Lee, Ik-Hwan),〈국어 심리동사의 상적 특성〉,《애산학보》,15號,韓國:1994,頁25-45。
    정희자(Chong, Hi-Ja),〈시제와 상의 화용상 선택조건〉,《애산학보》,15號
    ,韓國:1994,頁47-106。
    황병순(黃炳淳),〈상 의미로 본 국어 동사의 갈래〉,《한글》,250,韓國:2000,頁227-265。
    Lucien Brown、Jaehoon Yeon ,〈한국어 학습자들의 동사 시제상 습득 양상에
    대한 실험적 연구: 진행형 “-고 있다”를 중심으로〉(Experimental Research into
    the Phases of Acquisition of Korean Tense-Aspect: Focusing on the Progressive Marker "-ko is
    sta"),《한국어 교육》,21권1호,韓國:2010,頁151-173。

    網頁資料
    教育部國際及兩岸教育司,〈華語生人數統計-按國別〉,https://depart.moe.edu.tw/ed2500/cp.aspx?n=985B0E34256FDC9E&s=3146119524BF3BF9
    中華人民共和國教育部政府門戶網站,〈2018年來華留學統計〉,
    http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/gzdt_gzdt/s5987/201904/t20190412_377692.html

    HSK動態作文語料庫:http://202.112.195.192:8060/hsk/login.asp
    SJ-RIKS Corpus:http://riksdb.korea.ac.kr/
    Trends21 Corpus:http://corpus.korea.ac.kr/

    NAVER詞典:https://dict.naver.com/
    DAUM詞典:https://dic.daum.net/index.do?dic=all

    詞典
    中國社會科學院語言研究所詞典編輯室編,《現代漢語詞典(第6版) 》,北京:商務印書館,2012。
    高大民族文化硏究所中國語大辭典編纂室,《中韓辭典》,서울:高麗大學校民族文化硏究所,1989。
    高大民族文化硏究所中國語大辭典編纂室,《韓中辭典》,서울:高麗大學校民族文化硏究所,2004。

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