中文摘要
本實驗以臺灣南部地區未開發或低度開發之林地中的土壤為調查對象，探討酵母菌的菌種分佈與多樣性同時保存臺灣的酵母菌資源，作為未來之開發及應用。本研究於2007年9月到2008年6月針對臺灣南部地區6縣市轄區內17鄉鎮山區，共採集136個土壤樣品，利用直接和增殖分離後，每一種可辨別形態之菌落以隨機挑選的模式分離與純化菌株，所有純化後菌株以其菌落外觀形態和顯微鏡觀察及隨機擴增多型性DNA (Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA, RAPD)初步篩選，共分離出564株酵母菌。所有菌株進ㄧ步藉由大單元核糖體DNA(LSU ribosomal DNA) D1/D2區域序列差異並比對其形態和生理特徵，鑑定酵母菌株種名，共鑑定出559株酵母菌。當D1/D2區域序列若差異在1-3核苷酸模糊區間，則進一步利用核糖體外轉錄區間基因序列（Internal transcribed spacers, ITS）及隨機擴增多型性DNA (RAPD)分子鑑定法鑑定，確認酵母菌株種名。結果顯示，559株菌共鑑定成29屬162種，其中子囊菌群，包括：Barnettozyma, Candida, Debaryomyces, Hanseniaspora, Issatchenkia, Kazachstania, Kloeckera, Lachancea, Lindnera, Pichia, Saccharomyces, Saccharomycodes, Saccharomycopsis, Saturnispora, Schizoblastosporion, Schizosaccharomyces, Tetrapisispora, Torulaspora, Vanderwaltozyma, Wickerhamomyces, Zygotorulaspora共21屬116種298株酵母菌，擔子菌群只有8屬46種261株酵母菌，分別為Bullera, Cryptococcus, Leucosporidium, Rhodotorula, Sporobolomyces, Tremella, Trichosporon, Ustilago。分析土壤中酵母菌的分佈顯示：本研究土壤中酵母菌以子囊菌屬種類佔大多數，分離所得子囊菌的菌株總數與擔子菌相近，顯示土壤中子囊酵母菌的多樣性高於擔子酵母菌。在臺灣南部山區土壤中分離出最多菌株的菌屬為Trichosporon，共分離出142株菌(25.4%)；其次為Cryptococcus，共分離出105株菌(18.8%)；接著為Candida，共分離出86株菌(15.4%)。此外，臺灣南部地區土壤中分離出51種79株未紀錄之酵母菌種，顯示出臺灣南部地區土壤中的酵母菌種類極具特殊性，值得進一步探討與研究，以了解本土酵母菌的種類、分佈及其多樣性。

Abstract
The objective of this dissertation is to investigate the species diversity of yeasts inhabited in soil in southern Taiwan. One hundred and thirty-six samples of forest soil were collected in 6 counties of southern Taiwan during 2007 and 2008. Five hundred and sixty-four yeast strains were isolated according the electrophoretic patterns of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). The 564 yeast strains were identified base on physiological, morphological and sequence of the D1/D2 domain of the LSU (large subunit) rDNA gene. Yeast identification could stand on sequence analysis of LSU rDNA, but the identification could be still ambiguous when the sequence is 1-3 nt different from closely related species. Additional molecular approaches such as Internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and RAPD, were used to authenticate the identification for the strains with only 1-3 nt difference from their closely related species. The results of identification showed that 559 yeast strains were classified into 29 genus and 162 species. Among the strain, 298 strains belonging to 21 genus and 116 species were ascomycetous yeasts, including Barnettozyma, Candida, Debaryomyces, Hanseniaspora, Issatchenkia, Kazachstania, Kloeckera, Kodamaea, Lachancea, Lindnera, Pichia, Saccharomyces, Saccharomycodes, Saccharomycopsis, Saturnispora, Schizoblastosporion, Schizosaccharomyces, Tetrapisispora, Torulaspora, Vanderwaltozyma, Wickerhamomyces, Zygotorulaspora; 261 strains representing 8 genus and 46 species were basidiomycetous yeasts, including Bullera, Cryptococcus, Leucosporidium, Rhodotorula, Sporobolomyces, Tremella, Trichosporon, Ustilago. According to the identification, the common yeast genus identified among the strains included Trichosporon (25.4%), Cryptococcus (18.8%), Candida (15.4%). The 51 species could not be identified into current taxa, indicating they could be recognized as new species. The attributions of the thesis offered investigation of species diversity of yeast distributed in soil of southern Taiwan.

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